UPDATE!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
Definition of microorganism - ANSWER a unicellular organism that is simple in
structure and cannot be seen with the naked eye
The naming process of organisms - ANSWER Developed by Carolus Linnaeus. Each
organism is assigned two names - the genus (capitalized) and the species (lowercase) all of
which is italicized.
The names can describe an organism, honor a researcher or identify the habitat of a species.
Seven major groups of microorganisms - ANSWER 1) Bacteria
2) Archaea
3)Fungi
4)Protozoa
5)Algae
6)Viruses
7)Multicellular animal parasites
Biological properties of Bacteria (8) - ANSWER · Simple, single celled organisms
· Unicellular
· Prokaryotic
· Can be bacillus, coccus or spiral shaped
· Enclosed in cell walls composed of peptidoglycan
· Reproduce via binary fission
1
,· Use organic chemicals for nutrition
· Motility via flagella
Biological properties of Archaea (5) - ANSWER · Prokaryotic
· Cell walls lacking peptidoglycan
· Found in extreme environments
· Three types: methanogens, extreme halophiles and extreme thermophiles
· Not known to cause disease in humans
Biological properties of Fungi (6) - ANSWER · Eukaryotic
· Unicellular or multicellular
· Cannot carry out photosynthesis
· Cell wall composed of chitin
· Consists of yeasts, molds and slime molds
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Biological properties of Protozoa (6) - ANSWER · Unicellular
· Eukaryotic
· Move via pseudopods, flagella or cilia
· Live as free entities or as parasites
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
· Some are photosynthetic
Biological properties of Algae (8) - ANSWER · Photosynthetic
· Eukaryotic
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
· Usually unicellular
2
,· Cell walls composed of cellulose
· Abundant in freshwater, saltwater, soil and in association with plants
· Produce oxygen and carbohydrates
· Play vital role in balance of nature
Biological properties of Viruses (5) - ANSWER · Very small
· Acellular
· Surrounded by protein coat
· Can only reproduce via a host
· Not living
Biological properties of Multicellular animal parasites (2) - ANSWER · Eukaryotic
· Consist of flatworms and roundworms
Four habitats where microorganisms can be found - ANSWER 1) Soil
2)Salt water
3)Thermal vents
4)Human skin
Explanation of what is meant by pathogenic microorganism - ANSWER has the
potential to produce disease
Compare observations of Anton van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke - ANSWER Anton
van Leeuwenhoek: using a microscope was able to see individual cells, developed the cell
theory
Robert Hooke: observed live microorganisms through a magnifying lens
3
, Accomplishments of Linnaeus - ANSWER Created the nomenclature/naming system
for organisms that is used today
-binomial nomenclature
Definition of golden age of microbiology - ANSWER rapid advances, spearheaded by
Pasteur and Koch led to the establishment of microbiology as a science
Discuss the work of Pasteur - ANSWER found that yeasts ferment sugars to alcohol and
that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid. Also, showed a causal relationship
between microorganisms and disease.
Discuss the work of Lister - ANSWER introduced the use of a disinfectant to clean
surgical wounds in order to control infections
Discuss the work of Koch - ANSWER proved that microorganisms cause disease
Discuss the work of Ehrlich - ANSWER used the first synthetic chemotherapeutic
agent.
Contributions made by Jenner - ANSWER demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox
material provides humans with immunity to smallpox. Helped develop vaccines
Contributions made by Fleming - ANSWER observed that the Penicillium fungus
inhibited the growth of bacterial culture. Discovered penicillin and helped discover
antibiotics
Contributions made by Lancefield - ANSWER proposed that streptococci be classified
according to serotypes based on certain components in the cell walls of the bacteria. Rapid
identification of specific pathogenic streptococci based on immunological techniques
4
Definition of microorganism - ANSWER a unicellular organism that is simple in
structure and cannot be seen with the naked eye
The naming process of organisms - ANSWER Developed by Carolus Linnaeus. Each
organism is assigned two names - the genus (capitalized) and the species (lowercase) all of
which is italicized.
The names can describe an organism, honor a researcher or identify the habitat of a species.
Seven major groups of microorganisms - ANSWER 1) Bacteria
2) Archaea
3)Fungi
4)Protozoa
5)Algae
6)Viruses
7)Multicellular animal parasites
Biological properties of Bacteria (8) - ANSWER · Simple, single celled organisms
· Unicellular
· Prokaryotic
· Can be bacillus, coccus or spiral shaped
· Enclosed in cell walls composed of peptidoglycan
· Reproduce via binary fission
1
,· Use organic chemicals for nutrition
· Motility via flagella
Biological properties of Archaea (5) - ANSWER · Prokaryotic
· Cell walls lacking peptidoglycan
· Found in extreme environments
· Three types: methanogens, extreme halophiles and extreme thermophiles
· Not known to cause disease in humans
Biological properties of Fungi (6) - ANSWER · Eukaryotic
· Unicellular or multicellular
· Cannot carry out photosynthesis
· Cell wall composed of chitin
· Consists of yeasts, molds and slime molds
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Biological properties of Protozoa (6) - ANSWER · Unicellular
· Eukaryotic
· Move via pseudopods, flagella or cilia
· Live as free entities or as parasites
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
· Some are photosynthetic
Biological properties of Algae (8) - ANSWER · Photosynthetic
· Eukaryotic
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
· Usually unicellular
2
,· Cell walls composed of cellulose
· Abundant in freshwater, saltwater, soil and in association with plants
· Produce oxygen and carbohydrates
· Play vital role in balance of nature
Biological properties of Viruses (5) - ANSWER · Very small
· Acellular
· Surrounded by protein coat
· Can only reproduce via a host
· Not living
Biological properties of Multicellular animal parasites (2) - ANSWER · Eukaryotic
· Consist of flatworms and roundworms
Four habitats where microorganisms can be found - ANSWER 1) Soil
2)Salt water
3)Thermal vents
4)Human skin
Explanation of what is meant by pathogenic microorganism - ANSWER has the
potential to produce disease
Compare observations of Anton van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke - ANSWER Anton
van Leeuwenhoek: using a microscope was able to see individual cells, developed the cell
theory
Robert Hooke: observed live microorganisms through a magnifying lens
3
, Accomplishments of Linnaeus - ANSWER Created the nomenclature/naming system
for organisms that is used today
-binomial nomenclature
Definition of golden age of microbiology - ANSWER rapid advances, spearheaded by
Pasteur and Koch led to the establishment of microbiology as a science
Discuss the work of Pasteur - ANSWER found that yeasts ferment sugars to alcohol and
that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid. Also, showed a causal relationship
between microorganisms and disease.
Discuss the work of Lister - ANSWER introduced the use of a disinfectant to clean
surgical wounds in order to control infections
Discuss the work of Koch - ANSWER proved that microorganisms cause disease
Discuss the work of Ehrlich - ANSWER used the first synthetic chemotherapeutic
agent.
Contributions made by Jenner - ANSWER demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox
material provides humans with immunity to smallpox. Helped develop vaccines
Contributions made by Fleming - ANSWER observed that the Penicillium fungus
inhibited the growth of bacterial culture. Discovered penicillin and helped discover
antibiotics
Contributions made by Lancefield - ANSWER proposed that streptococci be classified
according to serotypes based on certain components in the cell walls of the bacteria. Rapid
identification of specific pathogenic streptococci based on immunological techniques
4
