BIOLOGY EXAM 3 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST
UPDATE 2025-2026
Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following
reasons? - Answers Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas
eukaryotic chromosomes have many.
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA? -
Answers The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other
strand.
In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of
the nucleotide being added and _________ of the last nucleotide in the polymer. - Answers the 3'
OH
Which of the following results from Griffith's experiment is an example of transformation? -
Answers Mouse dies after being injected with a mixture of heat-killed S and living R cells.
In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount
of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.-Which of the scientist was responsible for this
discovery? - Answers Erwin Chargaff
In E. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction? -
Answers DNA polymerase III
Which of the following helps to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated? -
Answers single-strand DNA binding proteins
What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication? -
Answers It joins Okazaki fragments together.
Heterochromatin is _________, whereas euchromatin is _________. - Answers highly condensed,
less compact
In the process of transcription, __________. - Answers RNA is synthesized
Codons are part of the __________. - Answers mRNA
A signal peptide __________. - Answers helps target a protein to the ER
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon
for the mRNA transcribed is __________. - Answers 3' UCA 5'
The first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes is - Answers the small subunit of the
ribosome recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA.
Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information was
, transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. What
is the mechanism of information transfer in eukaryotes? - Answers Messenger RNA is
transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the
cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place.
__________carries an amino acid to a strand of mRNA. - Answers tRNA
__________ are noncoding segments of mRNA, and __________ are segments that code for
functional products. - Answers Introns, exons
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous
tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? - Answers 0
At which phase is it preferable to obtain chromosomes to prepare a karyotype? - Answers Late
prophase or metaphase
When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2
generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were
male. What was the explanation for this result? - Answers The gene involved is on the X
chromosome.
Which of the following statements is true of linkage? - Answers The closer two genes are on a
chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them.
The following is a map of four genes on a chromosome.
Between which two genes in Figure 15.1 would you expect the highest frequency of
recombination? - Answers A and G
Which of the following is the meaning of the chromosome theory of inheritance as expressed in
the early 20th century? - Answers Mendelian genes are at specific loci on the chromosome and
in turn segregate during meiosis.
Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele,
S, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cactuses have dull spines. At the same
time, a second gene, N, determines whether or not cactuses have spines. Homozygous
recessive nn cactuses have no spines at all. The relationship between genes S and N is an
example of: - Answers Epistasis
Which of the following is the best explanation for the fact that most transduction pathways
have multiple steps? - Answers Multiple steps provide for greater possible amplification of a
signal.
What does a frequency of recombination of 50% indicate? - Answers The two genes are likely to
be located on different chromosomes.
UPDATE 2025-2026
Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following
reasons? - Answers Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas
eukaryotic chromosomes have many.
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA? -
Answers The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other
strand.
In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of
the nucleotide being added and _________ of the last nucleotide in the polymer. - Answers the 3'
OH
Which of the following results from Griffith's experiment is an example of transformation? -
Answers Mouse dies after being injected with a mixture of heat-killed S and living R cells.
In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount
of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.-Which of the scientist was responsible for this
discovery? - Answers Erwin Chargaff
In E. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction? -
Answers DNA polymerase III
Which of the following helps to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated? -
Answers single-strand DNA binding proteins
What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication? -
Answers It joins Okazaki fragments together.
Heterochromatin is _________, whereas euchromatin is _________. - Answers highly condensed,
less compact
In the process of transcription, __________. - Answers RNA is synthesized
Codons are part of the __________. - Answers mRNA
A signal peptide __________. - Answers helps target a protein to the ER
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon
for the mRNA transcribed is __________. - Answers 3' UCA 5'
The first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes is - Answers the small subunit of the
ribosome recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA.
Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information was
, transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. What
is the mechanism of information transfer in eukaryotes? - Answers Messenger RNA is
transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the
cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place.
__________carries an amino acid to a strand of mRNA. - Answers tRNA
__________ are noncoding segments of mRNA, and __________ are segments that code for
functional products. - Answers Introns, exons
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous
tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? - Answers 0
At which phase is it preferable to obtain chromosomes to prepare a karyotype? - Answers Late
prophase or metaphase
When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2
generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were
male. What was the explanation for this result? - Answers The gene involved is on the X
chromosome.
Which of the following statements is true of linkage? - Answers The closer two genes are on a
chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them.
The following is a map of four genes on a chromosome.
Between which two genes in Figure 15.1 would you expect the highest frequency of
recombination? - Answers A and G
Which of the following is the meaning of the chromosome theory of inheritance as expressed in
the early 20th century? - Answers Mendelian genes are at specific loci on the chromosome and
in turn segregate during meiosis.
Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele,
S, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cactuses have dull spines. At the same
time, a second gene, N, determines whether or not cactuses have spines. Homozygous
recessive nn cactuses have no spines at all. The relationship between genes S and N is an
example of: - Answers Epistasis
Which of the following is the best explanation for the fact that most transduction pathways
have multiple steps? - Answers Multiple steps provide for greater possible amplification of a
signal.
What does a frequency of recombination of 50% indicate? - Answers The two genes are likely to
be located on different chromosomes.
