Test Bank for Pilbeams Mechanical Ventilation 7th Edition by Cairo Complete Solution,All chapters graded A+

,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical
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Ventilation Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE gg




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
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the lungs is known as which of the following?
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a. External respiration g g



b. Internal respiration gg



c. Spontaneous ventilation g g



d. Mechanical ventilation gg gg




ANS: C gg


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g


as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
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mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
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External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
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and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
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pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
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cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from
g g g g g g g g g g gg g g g g


the systemic blood into the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body g g g g g g g g


cells g g


b. Scalenes and trapezius gg gg


muscles gg



c. Alveoli and pulmonary gg gg


capillaries gg



d. External oblique and gg gg


transverse abdominal g g


muscles g g




ANS: C gg


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
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carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
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pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g


cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g


systemic blood into the cells.
g g g g g g g g g g


Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
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inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
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muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
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, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
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normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
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following?
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a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B gg


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
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drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to
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about -10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph
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depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm
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H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 gg




4. During g g spontaneous g g inspiration g g alveolar g g pressure g g (PA) g g is g g about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
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b. +1 cm H2Og g g



c. 0 cm H2O gg gg



d. 5 cm H2O gg gg




ANS: A gg


-1 cm H2O is
g g g g g g g g the lowest alveolar pressure will become
g g g g g g g g g g


during normal
g g gg g g spontaneous ventilation. During the g g g g g g


exhalation of
g g g g g g a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
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pressure will
g g g g g g become
+1 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
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g gknown as which of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) gg gg gg



b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) g g g g



c. Transrespiratory pressure g g


(PTR) g g

, d. Transpulmonary gg gg pressure gg gg (PL)


ANS: D gg


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
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pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
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pressure (PTA
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) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g


the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
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pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
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pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
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the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs
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and the chest wall at the same time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
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g gresistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
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g gproximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g


alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
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a. 7 cm H2O gg gg



b. 30 cm H2O gg gg



c. 40 cm H2O gg gg



d. 175 cm H2O gg gg




ANS: B gg


The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g


pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g


mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 gg




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
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return to its original form after being stretched or
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g gacted on by an outside force is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance gg



d. Distending pressure gg