Page 1 of 74
EXAM 3: NSG318 / NSG 318 (LATEST 2025 UPDATES
STUDY BUNDLE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS)
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A - GCU
acute HF .....ANSWER.....-heart muscle weakens and enlarges
-loses ability to pump blood adequately
-compensatory mechanisms fail
-lungs/periphery become congested
R sided heart failure .....ANSWER.....blood backs up in periphery
-peripheral edema & weight gain
L sided heart failure .....ANSWER.....blood backs up into lungs
-pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, dyspnea, cough
cardiomegaly is common with .....ANSWER.....heart failure
,Page 2 of 74
heart failure nonpharmacologic tx .....ANSWER.....-limit salt and
saturated fat intake (limit to 2g/1tsp/day)
-limit/avoid alcohol intake (avoid/1 drink/day)
-stop smoking
-perform mild exercise
-fluid intake (may be dec)
Digoxin class .....ANSWER.....cardiac glycoside
digoxin use .....ANSWER.....HF, a-fib (oral/IV admin)
digoxin action .....ANSWER.....inhibits Na/K+ ATPase; inc cardiac
contractility, CO and tissue perfusion
digoxin side effects/adverse effects .....ANSWER.....hypokalemia,
blurred/yellow vision, green/yellow halos w toxicity
Digoxin contraindications .....ANSWER.....V-fib, hypokalemia
caution w/ acute MI, AV block, HTN, older adults
,Page 3 of 74
digoxin drug interactions .....ANSWER.....-Diuretics and cortisone:
inc risk for toxicity (diuretics may cause hypokalemia)
-Antacids: dec digoxin absorption
digoxin CAM interactions .....ANSWER.....-Ginseng: inc digitalis
levels
-St. John's wort and psyllium: dec absorption
-Hawthorn: inc effects
-Licorice, aloe, ephedra: inc risk of toxicity
digoxin interventions .....ANSWER.....-assess apical pulse before
administering; DON'T ADMINISTER IF HR <60bpm
-advise client to eat foods high in K+
Antidote for digoxin toxicity .....ANSWER.....digoxin immune FAB
digoxin therapeutic serum level .....ANSWER.....0.5-1ng/mL
, Page 4 of 74
digoxin effects on heart muscle .....ANSWER.....-inc. myocardial
contractility and CO
-dec. HR and conduction
angina .....ANSWER.....acute cardiac pain caused by inadequate
blood flow to myocardium
antianginal drugs .....ANSWER.....-nitrates
-beta blockers
-Ca channel blockers
nitroglycerin class .....ANSWER.....antianginal (Nitrate)
nitroglycerin uses .....ANSWER.....control angina, acute MI and HF
nitroglycerin action .....ANSWER.....dec myocardial demand for
O2 consumption (vasodilator)
Nitroglycerin Contraindications .....ANSWER.....inc intracranial
pressure; heat and light dec potency of drug. keep in dark bottle
EXAM 3: NSG318 / NSG 318 (LATEST 2025 UPDATES
STUDY BUNDLE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS)
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A - GCU
acute HF .....ANSWER.....-heart muscle weakens and enlarges
-loses ability to pump blood adequately
-compensatory mechanisms fail
-lungs/periphery become congested
R sided heart failure .....ANSWER.....blood backs up in periphery
-peripheral edema & weight gain
L sided heart failure .....ANSWER.....blood backs up into lungs
-pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, dyspnea, cough
cardiomegaly is common with .....ANSWER.....heart failure
,Page 2 of 74
heart failure nonpharmacologic tx .....ANSWER.....-limit salt and
saturated fat intake (limit to 2g/1tsp/day)
-limit/avoid alcohol intake (avoid/1 drink/day)
-stop smoking
-perform mild exercise
-fluid intake (may be dec)
Digoxin class .....ANSWER.....cardiac glycoside
digoxin use .....ANSWER.....HF, a-fib (oral/IV admin)
digoxin action .....ANSWER.....inhibits Na/K+ ATPase; inc cardiac
contractility, CO and tissue perfusion
digoxin side effects/adverse effects .....ANSWER.....hypokalemia,
blurred/yellow vision, green/yellow halos w toxicity
Digoxin contraindications .....ANSWER.....V-fib, hypokalemia
caution w/ acute MI, AV block, HTN, older adults
,Page 3 of 74
digoxin drug interactions .....ANSWER.....-Diuretics and cortisone:
inc risk for toxicity (diuretics may cause hypokalemia)
-Antacids: dec digoxin absorption
digoxin CAM interactions .....ANSWER.....-Ginseng: inc digitalis
levels
-St. John's wort and psyllium: dec absorption
-Hawthorn: inc effects
-Licorice, aloe, ephedra: inc risk of toxicity
digoxin interventions .....ANSWER.....-assess apical pulse before
administering; DON'T ADMINISTER IF HR <60bpm
-advise client to eat foods high in K+
Antidote for digoxin toxicity .....ANSWER.....digoxin immune FAB
digoxin therapeutic serum level .....ANSWER.....0.5-1ng/mL
, Page 4 of 74
digoxin effects on heart muscle .....ANSWER.....-inc. myocardial
contractility and CO
-dec. HR and conduction
angina .....ANSWER.....acute cardiac pain caused by inadequate
blood flow to myocardium
antianginal drugs .....ANSWER.....-nitrates
-beta blockers
-Ca channel blockers
nitroglycerin class .....ANSWER.....antianginal (Nitrate)
nitroglycerin uses .....ANSWER.....control angina, acute MI and HF
nitroglycerin action .....ANSWER.....dec myocardial demand for
O2 consumption (vasodilator)
Nitroglycerin Contraindications .....ANSWER.....inc intracranial
pressure; heat and light dec potency of drug. keep in dark bottle
