Osteoarthritis (OA): Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and
Management Exam 2026\Latest Update With
Complete Questions and Correct Detailed Answers
\Verified 100% Graded A+
What is OA? A chronic joint failure characterized by degradation of cartilage
and bone with minimal inflammation, leading to pain and
immobility.
Who gets OA? 80% of people over age 50 have radiographic OA, and 80% of
people over age 75 have symptomatic OA.
What happens in OA at Damage to the articular surface occurs.
the articular surface?
What happens to There is a loss of proteoglycan content.
proteoglycans in OA?
What happens to the The collagen framework is destroyed.
collagen framework in
OA?
What are the symptoms of Joint pain worse with use and no prolonged morning stiffness.
OA regarding pain?
What joints are commonly Hips, knees, 1st MTP, DIP, PIP, 1st CMC, and lumbar spine.
involved in OA?
What joints are rarely Tibiotalar (ankle), radiocarpal (wrist), and elbow.
involved by primary OA?
Bony enlargement, Heberden's nodes, Bouchard's
What are the signs of OA on
exam? nodes, possible non-inflammatory effusions, crepitus,
and restricted ROM.
What medication is Acetaminophen.
commonly used to treat OA
pain?
Which anti-inflammatory NSAIDs.
medications are used for
OA?
, What topical treatment can Topical capsaicin.
be used for OA?
What intra-articular treatment Intra-articular glucocorticoids.
may help OA symptoms?
When are narcotic analgesics For severe pain when other treatments fail.
used for OA?
What supportive measures Bracing, orthotics, strength training, and weight loss.
help manage OA?
What is the definitive Joint replacement.
treatment for severe OA?
A systemic autoimmune disease causing primarily
What is RA?
synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion.
How does RA typically RA is symmetrical and affects peripheral joints.
present in terms of joint
involvement?
How common is a positive 80% develop a positive RF during the disease; only 50% are
rheumatoid factor (RF) in positive early.
RA?
Which antibody is more Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (anti-CCP); positive in 70-
specific for RA than RF? 75% of patients.
Which joints are typically Proximal interphalangeals, metacarpophalangeals, and wrists
affected in RA? (90% of cases).
What other joints may be Elbows, knees, ankles, metatarsophalangeals, and cervical spine.
involved in RA?
Which joints are rarely Distal interphalangeals, lumbar spine, and sacroiliac joints.
involved in RA?
Which joints are Shoulders, hips, TMJs, and sternoclavicular joints.
uncommonly involved early
in RA?
Gradual joint inflammation over weeks to months in
How does RA usually begin?
70% of cases; acute onset in 30%.
What systemic symptoms Malaise, fatigue, and weight loss.
often accompany early RA?
What kind of stiffness occurs Morning stiffness lasting at least 1 hour.
in RA?
How does joint pain behave in Worse with immobility, improves with use.
early RA?
Management Exam 2026\Latest Update With
Complete Questions and Correct Detailed Answers
\Verified 100% Graded A+
What is OA? A chronic joint failure characterized by degradation of cartilage
and bone with minimal inflammation, leading to pain and
immobility.
Who gets OA? 80% of people over age 50 have radiographic OA, and 80% of
people over age 75 have symptomatic OA.
What happens in OA at Damage to the articular surface occurs.
the articular surface?
What happens to There is a loss of proteoglycan content.
proteoglycans in OA?
What happens to the The collagen framework is destroyed.
collagen framework in
OA?
What are the symptoms of Joint pain worse with use and no prolonged morning stiffness.
OA regarding pain?
What joints are commonly Hips, knees, 1st MTP, DIP, PIP, 1st CMC, and lumbar spine.
involved in OA?
What joints are rarely Tibiotalar (ankle), radiocarpal (wrist), and elbow.
involved by primary OA?
Bony enlargement, Heberden's nodes, Bouchard's
What are the signs of OA on
exam? nodes, possible non-inflammatory effusions, crepitus,
and restricted ROM.
What medication is Acetaminophen.
commonly used to treat OA
pain?
Which anti-inflammatory NSAIDs.
medications are used for
OA?
, What topical treatment can Topical capsaicin.
be used for OA?
What intra-articular treatment Intra-articular glucocorticoids.
may help OA symptoms?
When are narcotic analgesics For severe pain when other treatments fail.
used for OA?
What supportive measures Bracing, orthotics, strength training, and weight loss.
help manage OA?
What is the definitive Joint replacement.
treatment for severe OA?
A systemic autoimmune disease causing primarily
What is RA?
synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion.
How does RA typically RA is symmetrical and affects peripheral joints.
present in terms of joint
involvement?
How common is a positive 80% develop a positive RF during the disease; only 50% are
rheumatoid factor (RF) in positive early.
RA?
Which antibody is more Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (anti-CCP); positive in 70-
specific for RA than RF? 75% of patients.
Which joints are typically Proximal interphalangeals, metacarpophalangeals, and wrists
affected in RA? (90% of cases).
What other joints may be Elbows, knees, ankles, metatarsophalangeals, and cervical spine.
involved in RA?
Which joints are rarely Distal interphalangeals, lumbar spine, and sacroiliac joints.
involved in RA?
Which joints are Shoulders, hips, TMJs, and sternoclavicular joints.
uncommonly involved early
in RA?
Gradual joint inflammation over weeks to months in
How does RA usually begin?
70% of cases; acute onset in 30%.
What systemic symptoms Malaise, fatigue, and weight loss.
often accompany early RA?
What kind of stiffness occurs Morning stiffness lasting at least 1 hour.
in RA?
How does joint pain behave in Worse with immobility, improves with use.
early RA?
