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BIO WGU STUDY FOR OA C190 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Adaptation- ......ANSWER........The adjustment or changes in
behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become
more suited to an environment.
Aerobic- ......ANSWER........A process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be
genes that encode eye color—some encode blue eyes (one
allele), while others encode brown, green, or hazel eye colors
(other alleles).
amino acids - ......ANSWER........A small organic molecule with the
structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an
"R" group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom.
The difference between the "R" group is what distinguishes one
amino acid from another. Amino acids are the building blocks of
proteins.
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Anaerobic- ......ANSWER........A process that occurs without
oxygen.
Anaphase- ......ANSWER........A stage within the mitosis phase of
cell division (also known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts
when sister chromatids separate from each other and ends when
each set of separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite
poles of the cell.
anaphase I- ......ANSWER........The third stage of Meiosis I—the
two homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward
opposite poles.
anaphase II- ......ANSWER........The third stage in Meiosis II—the
centromeres separate and the sister chromatids (now individual
chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
artificial selection- ......ANSWER........Deliberate mating between
two individuals who were selected based on desired traits.
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asexual reproduction - ......ANSWER........A type of reproduction
where genetically identical offspring are created from a single
parent. This type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or
gametes. Bacteria and fungi are examples of organisms that
reproduce in this manner.
Atom- ......ANSWER........The basic unit of matter that cannot be
further broken down without losing its unique properties. One
atom consists of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of
electrons.
Autosomal- ......ANSWER........Describes a trait associated with
alleles located on autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome- ......ANSWER........A chromosome not
involved in sex determination.
biogeochemical cycle- ......ANSWER........The processes that
transfer chemical elements between biotic and abiotic
components in an ecosystem. There are several main cycles: the
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water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the
phosphorus cycle.
Biome- ......ANSWER........A large naturally occurring community
of plants and animals occupying a major habitat. Examples
include tropical forest and arctic tundra.
Biomes- ......ANSWER........A pattern of distribution of ecosystems
across the globe, where similar environmental conditions lead to
similar animal and plant adaptations. Examples of biomes
include tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
biosphere- ......ANSWER........All areas on, within, and around the
planet Earth that are capable of supporting life.
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben ......ANSWER........son cycle or light-
independent reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that take
place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-
independent because it takes place after the energy has been
BIO WGU STUDY FOR OA C190 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Adaptation- ......ANSWER........The adjustment or changes in
behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become
more suited to an environment.
Aerobic- ......ANSWER........A process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be
genes that encode eye color—some encode blue eyes (one
allele), while others encode brown, green, or hazel eye colors
(other alleles).
amino acids - ......ANSWER........A small organic molecule with the
structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an
"R" group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom.
The difference between the "R" group is what distinguishes one
amino acid from another. Amino acids are the building blocks of
proteins.
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Anaerobic- ......ANSWER........A process that occurs without
oxygen.
Anaphase- ......ANSWER........A stage within the mitosis phase of
cell division (also known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts
when sister chromatids separate from each other and ends when
each set of separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite
poles of the cell.
anaphase I- ......ANSWER........The third stage of Meiosis I—the
two homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward
opposite poles.
anaphase II- ......ANSWER........The third stage in Meiosis II—the
centromeres separate and the sister chromatids (now individual
chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
artificial selection- ......ANSWER........Deliberate mating between
two individuals who were selected based on desired traits.
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asexual reproduction - ......ANSWER........A type of reproduction
where genetically identical offspring are created from a single
parent. This type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or
gametes. Bacteria and fungi are examples of organisms that
reproduce in this manner.
Atom- ......ANSWER........The basic unit of matter that cannot be
further broken down without losing its unique properties. One
atom consists of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of
electrons.
Autosomal- ......ANSWER........Describes a trait associated with
alleles located on autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome- ......ANSWER........A chromosome not
involved in sex determination.
biogeochemical cycle- ......ANSWER........The processes that
transfer chemical elements between biotic and abiotic
components in an ecosystem. There are several main cycles: the
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water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the
phosphorus cycle.
Biome- ......ANSWER........A large naturally occurring community
of plants and animals occupying a major habitat. Examples
include tropical forest and arctic tundra.
Biomes- ......ANSWER........A pattern of distribution of ecosystems
across the globe, where similar environmental conditions lead to
similar animal and plant adaptations. Examples of biomes
include tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
biosphere- ......ANSWER........All areas on, within, and around the
planet Earth that are capable of supporting life.
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben ......ANSWER........son cycle or light-
independent reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that take
place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-
independent because it takes place after the energy has been
