NUR 316 Final Exam Test 2 Questions
with Actual Detailed Solutions 2025-
2026 Edition.
Pro of breast feeding - Answer Provide Antiviral, anti-protozoan, anti-inflammatory antibodies
-colostrum contains macrophages
-No allergic reactions and is easily digested
-IgA present (protective anti-absorptive effect keeps protein molecules from passing through
intestines
-No need to use vitamin supplements
-no vitamins lost during reheating
-optimal food for first 4-6 months/first year
-promotes good jaw and tooth development
-low pH of stools
-inhibits growth of bacteria
-natural laxative for babies
-natural emollient to heal tender nipple tissue
-promotes uterine involution (oxytocin production uterine contraction and letdown reflex)
Cons of breast feeding - Answer high maternal demand
-maternal inconveniences (milk leakage, sore nipples, time demand)
-food intolerance and drugs transmitted through breast milk
-father may feel excluded from feeding process
-increase possibility of breast milk jaundice
-easily digested infant may nurse every 2-3 hours or more
-demanding for first time mothers
Engorgements
*know how to treat - Answer Engorgement painful firmness as milk comes, hard to touch, skin
is shiny and taut. Usually disappears within 24-48 h wear support bras, empty breasts fully,
frequent feedings.
To treat: keep nursing, use ice bags b/t feedings, hot shower and manual expression to soften
, *know how to treat - Answer common causes are poor positioning and improper latch,
To treat: warm compresses, air dry, lanonolin, breast milk on areola a natural emollient,
frequently change positions,
Breastfeeding is contraindicated in - Answer -Mothers with known HIV/AIDS status, women
diagnosed with breast cancer so they can begin treatment, chronic carriers of Hep B, herpes
simplex virus only if active lesions on breast, TB, Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV).
-Galactosemia-baby's intolerance of lactose,
-Drugs
-Mastectomy: no breast tissue capable of producing milk
What drugs are contraindicated in breastfeeding - Answer Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine
(Tegretol) and phenytoin (Dilantin), or
Antibiotics: metronidazole (Flagyl) which may be toxic to infant: cannot breast feed while on
drug. Pump and discard. Then once done you can feed
Milk stages - Answer colostrum
transitional milk
mature milk
Colostrum - Answer yellow colored fluid present from end of pregnancy until 2 days after
birth,
has increase in protein and
decrease in fats and lactose than mature milk.
Rich in antibodies and has a laxative effect for baby.
Transitional milk - Answer Transitional milk is produced from the end of colostrum production
until approx 2 weeks postpartum. This is where engorgement occurs.
consists of fat, lactose, and water soluble vitamins
Mature milk - Answer has a
decrease in concentration of immunoglobulins,
decrease in total protein
with Actual Detailed Solutions 2025-
2026 Edition.
Pro of breast feeding - Answer Provide Antiviral, anti-protozoan, anti-inflammatory antibodies
-colostrum contains macrophages
-No allergic reactions and is easily digested
-IgA present (protective anti-absorptive effect keeps protein molecules from passing through
intestines
-No need to use vitamin supplements
-no vitamins lost during reheating
-optimal food for first 4-6 months/first year
-promotes good jaw and tooth development
-low pH of stools
-inhibits growth of bacteria
-natural laxative for babies
-natural emollient to heal tender nipple tissue
-promotes uterine involution (oxytocin production uterine contraction and letdown reflex)
Cons of breast feeding - Answer high maternal demand
-maternal inconveniences (milk leakage, sore nipples, time demand)
-food intolerance and drugs transmitted through breast milk
-father may feel excluded from feeding process
-increase possibility of breast milk jaundice
-easily digested infant may nurse every 2-3 hours or more
-demanding for first time mothers
Engorgements
*know how to treat - Answer Engorgement painful firmness as milk comes, hard to touch, skin
is shiny and taut. Usually disappears within 24-48 h wear support bras, empty breasts fully,
frequent feedings.
To treat: keep nursing, use ice bags b/t feedings, hot shower and manual expression to soften
, *know how to treat - Answer common causes are poor positioning and improper latch,
To treat: warm compresses, air dry, lanonolin, breast milk on areola a natural emollient,
frequently change positions,
Breastfeeding is contraindicated in - Answer -Mothers with known HIV/AIDS status, women
diagnosed with breast cancer so they can begin treatment, chronic carriers of Hep B, herpes
simplex virus only if active lesions on breast, TB, Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV).
-Galactosemia-baby's intolerance of lactose,
-Drugs
-Mastectomy: no breast tissue capable of producing milk
What drugs are contraindicated in breastfeeding - Answer Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine
(Tegretol) and phenytoin (Dilantin), or
Antibiotics: metronidazole (Flagyl) which may be toxic to infant: cannot breast feed while on
drug. Pump and discard. Then once done you can feed
Milk stages - Answer colostrum
transitional milk
mature milk
Colostrum - Answer yellow colored fluid present from end of pregnancy until 2 days after
birth,
has increase in protein and
decrease in fats and lactose than mature milk.
Rich in antibodies and has a laxative effect for baby.
Transitional milk - Answer Transitional milk is produced from the end of colostrum production
until approx 2 weeks postpartum. This is where engorgement occurs.
consists of fat, lactose, and water soluble vitamins
Mature milk - Answer has a
decrease in concentration of immunoglobulins,
decrease in total protein
