age 1 of 96
MAJOR FIELD TEST BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response ......ANSWER........Adaptive
-
"specific response"
Has immunological memory
Later response (3-7 days)
Uses B and T cells
Effectiveness increases with exposure
,age 2 of 96
Innate-
"nonspecific response"
1st line of defense
Response within 12 hours
Lacks immunological memory
Mutualism ......ANSWER........Benefit to both partners
Normally partners cannot live seperately
Cooperation ......ANSWER........A beneficial but not obligate form
of symbiosis
Commensalism ......ANSWER........One partner benefits, the other
is neither helped or harmed
,age 3 of 96
Ammensalism ......ANSWER........The negative impact of one
organism on another due to release of specific compounds
If a pathogen can be transmitted via direct contact it is ______
virulent compare to another pathogen that is vector-borne.
......ANSWER........Less virulent
Toxin ......ANSWER........Specific substance that alters the normal
metabolism of the host cell
Autotrophs ......ANSWER........Carbon source from atmospheric
CO2
Heterotrophs ......ANSWER........Carbon source from organic
compounds
Phototrophs ......ANSWER........Energy source is light
, age 4 of 96
Chemotrophs ......ANSWER........Energy source is from oxidation of
chemical compounds
Lithotrophs ......ANSWER........Electron source from reduction of
inorganic substances
Organotrophs ......ANSWER........Electron source from organic
compounds
Passive diffusion ......ANSWER........Movement of small molecules
across a cellular membrane to go from high concentration to low
with the potential graduation - no energy required
Facilitated diffusion ......ANSWER........Use of a carrier protein to
assist the transportation of molecules across the cellular
membrane
MAJOR FIELD TEST BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response ......ANSWER........Adaptive
-
"specific response"
Has immunological memory
Later response (3-7 days)
Uses B and T cells
Effectiveness increases with exposure
,age 2 of 96
Innate-
"nonspecific response"
1st line of defense
Response within 12 hours
Lacks immunological memory
Mutualism ......ANSWER........Benefit to both partners
Normally partners cannot live seperately
Cooperation ......ANSWER........A beneficial but not obligate form
of symbiosis
Commensalism ......ANSWER........One partner benefits, the other
is neither helped or harmed
,age 3 of 96
Ammensalism ......ANSWER........The negative impact of one
organism on another due to release of specific compounds
If a pathogen can be transmitted via direct contact it is ______
virulent compare to another pathogen that is vector-borne.
......ANSWER........Less virulent
Toxin ......ANSWER........Specific substance that alters the normal
metabolism of the host cell
Autotrophs ......ANSWER........Carbon source from atmospheric
CO2
Heterotrophs ......ANSWER........Carbon source from organic
compounds
Phototrophs ......ANSWER........Energy source is light
, age 4 of 96
Chemotrophs ......ANSWER........Energy source is from oxidation of
chemical compounds
Lithotrophs ......ANSWER........Electron source from reduction of
inorganic substances
Organotrophs ......ANSWER........Electron source from organic
compounds
Passive diffusion ......ANSWER........Movement of small molecules
across a cellular membrane to go from high concentration to low
with the potential graduation - no energy required
Facilitated diffusion ......ANSWER........Use of a carrier protein to
assist the transportation of molecules across the cellular
membrane
