BIOL 431 Respiratory System
Anatomy Exam Questions and
Answers
Cilia in respiratory tract - ANSWER-move mucous and trapped particles down
toward the pharynx
upper respiratory tract - ANSWER-nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
lower respiratory tract - ANSWER-trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi,
tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (150 million/lung)
Trachea - ANSWER-semi-rigid pipe made of semi-circular cartilaginous rings, and
located anterior to the esophagus.
Carina - ANSWER-a very sensitive area for triggering the cough reflex.
Sympathetic stimulation - ANSWER-causes airway dilation
parasympathetic stimulation - ANSWER-causes airway constriction
conducting airways - ANSWER-all branches from the trachea to the terminal
bronchioles do not participate in gas exchange
alveoli - ANSWER-participate in gas exchange
simple squamous epithelium - ANSWER-tissue of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and
alveoli
pulmonary lobule - ANSWER-Functional unit of the lung
wrapped in elastic CT, contains a lymphatic vessel, an arteriole, a venule and a
terminal bronchiole
type 1 alveolar cells - ANSWER-allow for gas exchange with the pulmonary
capillaries
type 2 alveolar cells - ANSWER-secrete surfactant to decrease surface tension and
prevent collapse of the alveoli during exhalation
alveolar capillary membrane - ANSWER-alveoli in close proximity of the capillaries
form this membrane
bronchial arteries - ANSWER-provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue
Anatomy Exam Questions and
Answers
Cilia in respiratory tract - ANSWER-move mucous and trapped particles down
toward the pharynx
upper respiratory tract - ANSWER-nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
lower respiratory tract - ANSWER-trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi,
tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (150 million/lung)
Trachea - ANSWER-semi-rigid pipe made of semi-circular cartilaginous rings, and
located anterior to the esophagus.
Carina - ANSWER-a very sensitive area for triggering the cough reflex.
Sympathetic stimulation - ANSWER-causes airway dilation
parasympathetic stimulation - ANSWER-causes airway constriction
conducting airways - ANSWER-all branches from the trachea to the terminal
bronchioles do not participate in gas exchange
alveoli - ANSWER-participate in gas exchange
simple squamous epithelium - ANSWER-tissue of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and
alveoli
pulmonary lobule - ANSWER-Functional unit of the lung
wrapped in elastic CT, contains a lymphatic vessel, an arteriole, a venule and a
terminal bronchiole
type 1 alveolar cells - ANSWER-allow for gas exchange with the pulmonary
capillaries
type 2 alveolar cells - ANSWER-secrete surfactant to decrease surface tension and
prevent collapse of the alveoli during exhalation
alveolar capillary membrane - ANSWER-alveoli in close proximity of the capillaries
form this membrane
bronchial arteries - ANSWER-provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue
