BIO 107 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Prophase I - Correct Answers -- crossing over can occur
- a spindle forms
- nuclear envelope fragments
- each chromosome is duplicated
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - Correct Answers -- no mutations, random mating, no
natural selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow (migration)
- if a population is in HWE, there is no microevolution
- a theoretical model that describes a hypothetical population that is not evolving
- a mathematical model that looks at one gene at a time
homologous structures - Correct Answers -have similar internal structures, but have
evolved to be different things (inherited from a common ancestor)
vestigial structures - Correct Answers -has diminished functionality over time, but does
not mean there is no function
Tiktaalik - Correct Answers -- a traditional fossil
- a big deal because it connects the fish to a terrestrial tetrapod, has gills and lungs, has
shoulders and elbows, and a cervical (neck) vertebrae
- can support his weight, move, and be on land
organism - Correct Answers -form when organ systems are joined together
Levels of Biological Organization - Correct Answers -atom -> molecule -> cell -> tissue -
> organ -> organ system -> organism -> species -> population -> community ->
ecosystem -> biosphere
- each level of organization is more complex than the one prior
organ system - Correct Answers -organs work together to form these
organs - Correct Answers -made up of tissues
Goldilocks Zone - Correct Answers -- a planet in stable orbit around a star that emits
light/electromagnetic radiation (Lee's definition)
,- range of distance with the right temperatures for water to remain liquid (official
definition)
- NO definition of life without system having liquid water
- Earth is in the Goldilocks Zone
population - Correct Answers -- all the members of a species within an area
- populations evolve
- scientists take samples of populations to gain statistics
metabolism (BMR) - Correct Answers -- all the chemical reactions that occur within a
cell
- BMR = basal metabolic rate
- living world responds to stimuli
energy (ATP) - Correct Answers -- the capacity to do work
- required to maintain organization and conduct life-sustaining processes such as
chemical reactions
- ATP allows the living world to respond to stimuli
- humans are chemoheterotrophs
- chemoheterotrophs -> ingest nutrition -> break it down to make ATP
- ATP = adenosine triphosphate
- new bonds being formed gives off energy (NOT the breaking of bonds)
- ATP is the currency of energy in a cell (what makes things happen in a cell)
- energy goes into a system to break bonds
- ecosystems are characterized by energy flow
- energy from the sun flows through plants and other members of the food chain as one
population feeds on another
ecosystem - Correct Answers -- a community plus its physical environment
- characterized by chemical cycling and energy flow
hydrolysis - Correct Answers -the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction
with water
photosynthesis/photoautotroph - Correct Answers -- a process that converts solar
energy into the chemical energy of carbohydrates
- photo(light)auto(CO2)troph
- CO2 -> glucose (light) = makes ATP
- they are producers
- plants, algae, and other organisms capture solar energy and perform this
chemicals - Correct Answers -- NOT used up when organisms die
- move from one population to another in a food chain
- ex: chemicals move from producers to consumers to decomposers
- because of death and decomposition, chemicals are returned to living plants
, decomposition - Correct Answers -- someone/thing obtaining nutrients (ATP) from death
- a biological irony
- chemicals are returned to living plants
- there must be a constant input of solar energy
homeostasis - Correct Answers -- the maintenance of internal conditions within certain
boundaries
- living things maintain this and respond to stimuli
- imperative that an organism maintains a state of biological balance
- feedback systems monitor internal conditions and make adjustments
- what takes the natural world a long time to build, takes seconds to be destroyed
(fundamental tenement)
reproduction - Correct Answers -- manner of this varies among different organisms
- when organisms do this, they pass on copies of their genetic information to the next
generation
- genes determine characteristics of an organism and are composed of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- DNA -> genes -> code for proteins -> found chromosomes
adaptation - Correct Answers -- any modification that makes an organism better able to
function in a particular environment
- the diversity of life exists because over long periods of time, organism respond to
changing environments by developing new adaptations
- individuals adapt
natural selection - Correct Answers -- proposed by Charles Darwin
- mutations (+/-) fuel natural selection; changes in DNA
- aspects of environment select which traits are more apt to be passed down
- weather -> seeds -> bird beak characteristics
- Darwin discovered more rain on an island = seeds were smaller = bird beaks are long
and thin
- less rain = bigger seeds = short and fat beaks
- individuals with the favorable traits produce greater number of offspring that survive
and reproduce
- increases the frequency of favorable traits in the population
- mutations introduce variations among members of a population
- artificial selection is a need to know factor
tissues - Correct Answers -- similar cells combine together to form these
- group of cells with similar forms and functions
- muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective
- make up organs
cytoplasm - Correct Answers -- semi fluid solution
- encased by plasma membrane
AND ANSWERS
Prophase I - Correct Answers -- crossing over can occur
- a spindle forms
- nuclear envelope fragments
- each chromosome is duplicated
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - Correct Answers -- no mutations, random mating, no
natural selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow (migration)
- if a population is in HWE, there is no microevolution
- a theoretical model that describes a hypothetical population that is not evolving
- a mathematical model that looks at one gene at a time
homologous structures - Correct Answers -have similar internal structures, but have
evolved to be different things (inherited from a common ancestor)
vestigial structures - Correct Answers -has diminished functionality over time, but does
not mean there is no function
Tiktaalik - Correct Answers -- a traditional fossil
- a big deal because it connects the fish to a terrestrial tetrapod, has gills and lungs, has
shoulders and elbows, and a cervical (neck) vertebrae
- can support his weight, move, and be on land
organism - Correct Answers -form when organ systems are joined together
Levels of Biological Organization - Correct Answers -atom -> molecule -> cell -> tissue -
> organ -> organ system -> organism -> species -> population -> community ->
ecosystem -> biosphere
- each level of organization is more complex than the one prior
organ system - Correct Answers -organs work together to form these
organs - Correct Answers -made up of tissues
Goldilocks Zone - Correct Answers -- a planet in stable orbit around a star that emits
light/electromagnetic radiation (Lee's definition)
,- range of distance with the right temperatures for water to remain liquid (official
definition)
- NO definition of life without system having liquid water
- Earth is in the Goldilocks Zone
population - Correct Answers -- all the members of a species within an area
- populations evolve
- scientists take samples of populations to gain statistics
metabolism (BMR) - Correct Answers -- all the chemical reactions that occur within a
cell
- BMR = basal metabolic rate
- living world responds to stimuli
energy (ATP) - Correct Answers -- the capacity to do work
- required to maintain organization and conduct life-sustaining processes such as
chemical reactions
- ATP allows the living world to respond to stimuli
- humans are chemoheterotrophs
- chemoheterotrophs -> ingest nutrition -> break it down to make ATP
- ATP = adenosine triphosphate
- new bonds being formed gives off energy (NOT the breaking of bonds)
- ATP is the currency of energy in a cell (what makes things happen in a cell)
- energy goes into a system to break bonds
- ecosystems are characterized by energy flow
- energy from the sun flows through plants and other members of the food chain as one
population feeds on another
ecosystem - Correct Answers -- a community plus its physical environment
- characterized by chemical cycling and energy flow
hydrolysis - Correct Answers -the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction
with water
photosynthesis/photoautotroph - Correct Answers -- a process that converts solar
energy into the chemical energy of carbohydrates
- photo(light)auto(CO2)troph
- CO2 -> glucose (light) = makes ATP
- they are producers
- plants, algae, and other organisms capture solar energy and perform this
chemicals - Correct Answers -- NOT used up when organisms die
- move from one population to another in a food chain
- ex: chemicals move from producers to consumers to decomposers
- because of death and decomposition, chemicals are returned to living plants
, decomposition - Correct Answers -- someone/thing obtaining nutrients (ATP) from death
- a biological irony
- chemicals are returned to living plants
- there must be a constant input of solar energy
homeostasis - Correct Answers -- the maintenance of internal conditions within certain
boundaries
- living things maintain this and respond to stimuli
- imperative that an organism maintains a state of biological balance
- feedback systems monitor internal conditions and make adjustments
- what takes the natural world a long time to build, takes seconds to be destroyed
(fundamental tenement)
reproduction - Correct Answers -- manner of this varies among different organisms
- when organisms do this, they pass on copies of their genetic information to the next
generation
- genes determine characteristics of an organism and are composed of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- DNA -> genes -> code for proteins -> found chromosomes
adaptation - Correct Answers -- any modification that makes an organism better able to
function in a particular environment
- the diversity of life exists because over long periods of time, organism respond to
changing environments by developing new adaptations
- individuals adapt
natural selection - Correct Answers -- proposed by Charles Darwin
- mutations (+/-) fuel natural selection; changes in DNA
- aspects of environment select which traits are more apt to be passed down
- weather -> seeds -> bird beak characteristics
- Darwin discovered more rain on an island = seeds were smaller = bird beaks are long
and thin
- less rain = bigger seeds = short and fat beaks
- individuals with the favorable traits produce greater number of offspring that survive
and reproduce
- increases the frequency of favorable traits in the population
- mutations introduce variations among members of a population
- artificial selection is a need to know factor
tissues - Correct Answers -- similar cells combine together to form these
- group of cells with similar forms and functions
- muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective
- make up organs
cytoplasm - Correct Answers -- semi fluid solution
- encased by plasma membrane
