TEST BANK
ESSENTIAL GENETICS: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Elizabeth W. Jones & Daniel L. Hartl
,Study Guide and Solutions Manual to accompany
s
A GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Fourth Edition
Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones
Prepared by Elena R. Lozovsky
JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS
Sudbury, Massachusetts
BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE
,Contents
1 The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomes 1
2 Transmission Genetics: Heritage from Mendel 4
3 The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity......................• ............................. 9
4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping.......................·.· ........................13
5 Human Chromosomes and Chromosome Behavior 18
6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Manipulation 22
7 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 26
8 The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression 30
9 Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation 34
10 Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetic Engineering .............................. 38
11 The Genetic Control of Development 42
12 Molecular Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair 45
13 Molecular Genetics of the Cell Cycle and cancer 48
14 Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics ...............•..................52
15 The Genetic Basis of Complex Inheritance 55
Appendix: Answers 58
V
, The Genetic Code of Genes
and Genomes
Key Concepts
• Inherited traits are affected by genes.
• Genes are composed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
• DNA replicates to form (usually identical) copies of itself.
• DNA contains a code specifying what types of enzymes and other proteins are made
in cells.
• DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specify altered proteins.
• A mutant enzyme is an "inborn error of metabolism" that blocks one step in a bio-
chemical pathway for the metabolism of small molecules.
• Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes.
• Organisms change genetically through generations in the process of biological
evolution.
• Because of their comm.on descent, organisms share many features of their genetics
and biochemistry.
Key Terms
1. complementary base pairing
2. antiparallel
3. central dogma
4. transcri tion
5. ribosome
6. transfer RNA (tRNA)
7. proteome
8. substrate
9. alkaptonuria
10. phenylketonuria
11. pleiotropic effect or pleiotropy
12. prokaryote
Concepts in Action
1.1. (a) false; (b) true; (c) true; (d) false.
1.2. The importance of the nucleus in inheritance was implied by its prominence in fer-
tilization. The discovery of chromosomes inside the nucleus, their behavior during
cell division, and the observation that each species has a characteristic chromosome
number made it likely that chromosomes were the carriers of the genes. Micro-
scopic studies showed that DNA and proteins are both present in chromosomes,
but whereas nearly all cells of a given species contain a constant amount of DNA,
the amount and kinds of proteins differ greatly in different cell types.
C 2006 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers
1
ESSENTIAL GENETICS: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Elizabeth W. Jones & Daniel L. Hartl
,Study Guide and Solutions Manual to accompany
s
A GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Fourth Edition
Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones
Prepared by Elena R. Lozovsky
JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS
Sudbury, Massachusetts
BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE
,Contents
1 The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomes 1
2 Transmission Genetics: Heritage from Mendel 4
3 The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity......................• ............................. 9
4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping.......................·.· ........................13
5 Human Chromosomes and Chromosome Behavior 18
6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Manipulation 22
7 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 26
8 The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression 30
9 Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation 34
10 Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetic Engineering .............................. 38
11 The Genetic Control of Development 42
12 Molecular Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair 45
13 Molecular Genetics of the Cell Cycle and cancer 48
14 Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics ...............•..................52
15 The Genetic Basis of Complex Inheritance 55
Appendix: Answers 58
V
, The Genetic Code of Genes
and Genomes
Key Concepts
• Inherited traits are affected by genes.
• Genes are composed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
• DNA replicates to form (usually identical) copies of itself.
• DNA contains a code specifying what types of enzymes and other proteins are made
in cells.
• DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specify altered proteins.
• A mutant enzyme is an "inborn error of metabolism" that blocks one step in a bio-
chemical pathway for the metabolism of small molecules.
• Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes.
• Organisms change genetically through generations in the process of biological
evolution.
• Because of their comm.on descent, organisms share many features of their genetics
and biochemistry.
Key Terms
1. complementary base pairing
2. antiparallel
3. central dogma
4. transcri tion
5. ribosome
6. transfer RNA (tRNA)
7. proteome
8. substrate
9. alkaptonuria
10. phenylketonuria
11. pleiotropic effect or pleiotropy
12. prokaryote
Concepts in Action
1.1. (a) false; (b) true; (c) true; (d) false.
1.2. The importance of the nucleus in inheritance was implied by its prominence in fer-
tilization. The discovery of chromosomes inside the nucleus, their behavior during
cell division, and the observation that each species has a characteristic chromosome
number made it likely that chromosomes were the carriers of the genes. Micro-
scopic studies showed that DNA and proteins are both present in chromosomes,
but whereas nearly all cells of a given species contain a constant amount of DNA,
the amount and kinds of proteins differ greatly in different cell types.
C 2006 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers
1
