NR 435 Exam 1 – 2025/2026 Updated Study Guide & Practice
Questions | 100% Pass Guarantee
Golden-Era of Environmental Policy - correct answerOccurred between 1964 - 1980,
passed twenty two pieces of major env legislation, including the clean water act, and
endangered species act
Legislative Gridlock - correct answera situation when there is difficulty passing laws that
satisfy the needs of the people
Next Generation Policy Reform - correct answermaybe the new wave of policies that will
be passed, similar to the golden era
Institutional Barriers to Reform - correct answerideological constructs that are
entrenched in a way to disrupt change or reform
Paths to Legislative Gridlock - correct answervoting against the other side rather than
searching for consensus, a divided country, etc
Institutional Disruption - correct answer
Conflict within the Green State - correct answer
Conservationists - correct answerbelieved in providing the greatest good to the greatest
number of people, (applied more generally to Natural Resources) Pinchot, Teddy
Roosevelt.
Preservationists - correct answerpreserve the natural features of unspoiled landscape
(applied to landscapes), Muir, Leopold
Aldo Leopold - correct answerauthor Sand County Almanac, Preservationist, we have
an ethical responsibility to be good stewards of the land
Rachel Carson - correct answerauthor of Silent Spring, 1962
George Perkins Marsh - correct answerconsidered first American environmentalist,
wrote "Man and Nature" (1864)
George Catlin - correct answerartist who proposed first national park
Colonial Period in Envo. Policy - correct answerfirst env. Regulations (1600-1900)
Creation of the National Park System - correct answer1916, part of preservationist
movement
, Earth Day - correct answer1st Earth Day, Aprill 22, 1970 organized by Stanford student
under Senator Gaylord Nelson
Oil Embargo - correct answer1973, focused public on energy needs and
environmentalism
Three Mile Island - correct answer1979, closest thing to a nuclear meltdown in U.S.
Love Canal - correct answer1978, chemical dumpsite poisons hundreds in NY
community
Bhopal, India - correct answer1984, industrial gas leak killing thousands
Policy - correct answerpurposive course of action or inaction that an
actor or set of actors takes to deal with a problem
Politics - correct answerDecision-making process, Values and morals that determine
policy
Institutions - correct answerclusters of rights, rules and decision
making procedures that give rise to social practices, assign rules to participants in these
practices, and govern the interactions among occupants of those roles
Organizations - correct answerplayers/actors in the game, physical organizations of
people in the facilities which the operate, controlled by a hierarchy
Social Contract Theory - correct answerThomas Hobbes, the view that persons' moral
and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to
form the society in which they live.
-given that men are naturally self-interested, yet they are rational, they will choose to
submit to the authority of a Sovereign in order to be able to live in a civil society, which
is conducive to their own interests.
Policy Process Model - correct answerProblem formation, Policy agenda, policy
formation, policy adoption, policy implementation, policy evaluation
Problems and Issues - correct answerProblem: A question for inquiry, consideration, or
solution --an intricate or unsettled question
Issue: A matter in dispute between two or more parties: a point of debate or controversy
The point at which an unsettled matter is ready for
a decision
Issue Attention Cycle - correct answerPublic perception of crisis does not lead to
changes in real conditions
Questions | 100% Pass Guarantee
Golden-Era of Environmental Policy - correct answerOccurred between 1964 - 1980,
passed twenty two pieces of major env legislation, including the clean water act, and
endangered species act
Legislative Gridlock - correct answera situation when there is difficulty passing laws that
satisfy the needs of the people
Next Generation Policy Reform - correct answermaybe the new wave of policies that will
be passed, similar to the golden era
Institutional Barriers to Reform - correct answerideological constructs that are
entrenched in a way to disrupt change or reform
Paths to Legislative Gridlock - correct answervoting against the other side rather than
searching for consensus, a divided country, etc
Institutional Disruption - correct answer
Conflict within the Green State - correct answer
Conservationists - correct answerbelieved in providing the greatest good to the greatest
number of people, (applied more generally to Natural Resources) Pinchot, Teddy
Roosevelt.
Preservationists - correct answerpreserve the natural features of unspoiled landscape
(applied to landscapes), Muir, Leopold
Aldo Leopold - correct answerauthor Sand County Almanac, Preservationist, we have
an ethical responsibility to be good stewards of the land
Rachel Carson - correct answerauthor of Silent Spring, 1962
George Perkins Marsh - correct answerconsidered first American environmentalist,
wrote "Man and Nature" (1864)
George Catlin - correct answerartist who proposed first national park
Colonial Period in Envo. Policy - correct answerfirst env. Regulations (1600-1900)
Creation of the National Park System - correct answer1916, part of preservationist
movement
, Earth Day - correct answer1st Earth Day, Aprill 22, 1970 organized by Stanford student
under Senator Gaylord Nelson
Oil Embargo - correct answer1973, focused public on energy needs and
environmentalism
Three Mile Island - correct answer1979, closest thing to a nuclear meltdown in U.S.
Love Canal - correct answer1978, chemical dumpsite poisons hundreds in NY
community
Bhopal, India - correct answer1984, industrial gas leak killing thousands
Policy - correct answerpurposive course of action or inaction that an
actor or set of actors takes to deal with a problem
Politics - correct answerDecision-making process, Values and morals that determine
policy
Institutions - correct answerclusters of rights, rules and decision
making procedures that give rise to social practices, assign rules to participants in these
practices, and govern the interactions among occupants of those roles
Organizations - correct answerplayers/actors in the game, physical organizations of
people in the facilities which the operate, controlled by a hierarchy
Social Contract Theory - correct answerThomas Hobbes, the view that persons' moral
and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to
form the society in which they live.
-given that men are naturally self-interested, yet they are rational, they will choose to
submit to the authority of a Sovereign in order to be able to live in a civil society, which
is conducive to their own interests.
Policy Process Model - correct answerProblem formation, Policy agenda, policy
formation, policy adoption, policy implementation, policy evaluation
Problems and Issues - correct answerProblem: A question for inquiry, consideration, or
solution --an intricate or unsettled question
Issue: A matter in dispute between two or more parties: a point of debate or controversy
The point at which an unsettled matter is ready for
a decision
Issue Attention Cycle - correct answerPublic perception of crisis does not lead to
changes in real conditions
