GTC MICROBIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Name two other viruses that can cause liver inflammation: - ✔✔hepatitis E and CMV
✔✔Which virus has caused recent outbreaks of gastroenteritis on cruise ships? -
✔✔Norovirus (ss+RNA)
✔✔Name protozoan GI infections that can be contracted through contaminated drinking
water: - ✔✔giardiasis, cryptosporidosis, amebiasis
✔✔Which part of the tapeworm attaches to the abdominal wall? - ✔✔The scolex
attaches to the abdominal wall.
✔✔How is a tapeworm contracted? - ✔✔from meat with worm larvae
✔✔Which parts of the urinary system normally contain bacteria? - ✔✔none
✔✔What are common causes of cystitis? - ✔✔Cystitis is defined as inflammation of the
urinary bladder and is commonly caused by fecal contamination. Causative agent: 90%
by normal fecal flora like E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Strep. faecalis
(enterococcus).
✔✔Why is catheterization an issue? - ✔✔because catheters can introduce bacteria into
the sterile environment of the urinary tract
✔✔How is cystitis treated? - ✔✔antimicrobial depending on cause
✔✔How is leptospirosis treated? - ✔✔ampicillin or tetracyclines
✔✔Name the agent that causes gonorrhea: - ✔✔Neisseria gonorrheae
✔✔What is the incubation time? - ✔✔short (2-5 days)
✔✔What is a sign of this disease in men? In women? - ✔✔men: painful urination,
discharge with pus
women: often asymptomatic - may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
✔✔What can be a sequelae in women if the disease is not treated? - ✔✔if not treated --
> 25% - 30% lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (general term of inflammation and pain
in the uterus, uterine tubes, or ovaries) with development of scar tissue --> ectopic
pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus)
✔✔How is this disease treated? - ✔✔penicillin, tetracycline, quinolones (resistance!!!)
, ✔✔Which organs can be affected in disseminated gonorrhea? - ✔✔disseminated
gonorrhea with rash, arthritis, or even endocarditis
✔✔Name an agent that causes a similar non-gonococcal STD: - ✔✔Treponema
pallidum
✔✔Name the disease caused by Treponema pallidum: - ✔✔syphilis
✔✔What shape does this organism have? - ✔✔spirochete
✔✔What is primary syphilis? - ✔✔The first stage of syphilis.
✔✔What is the sign of disease? - ✔✔chancre (hard and not painful)
✔✔What signs are seen in secondary syphilis? - ✔✔rash (does not itch or hurt), sore
throat (could get syphilis now from kissing), and other varied symptoms that may lasts
for weeks to months
✔✔Can primary and secondary syphilis be treated? How? - ✔✔Yes, penicillin.
✔✔What is tertiary syphilis? - ✔✔50% of untreated secondary cases
✔✔What is a gumma? - ✔✔A gumma is tissue masses on skin and internal organs.
Note: It is like a granuloma with a necrotic center and wall of fibrin.
✔✔Can tertiary syphilis be treated? - ✔✔No
✔✔What type of deformity is seen in congenital syphilis? - ✔✔leads to deformities of
face and teeth
✔✔How are Treponema viewed under the microscope? - ✔✔Microorganisms can be
seen in darkfield microscopy. They don't stain well and they are so skinny that you can't
see them with a conventional microscope.
✔✔Name a genus that causes Chancroid: - ✔✔Hemophilus ducreyi
✔✔Name the virus that causes genital warts? - ✔✔Paplloma virus
✔✔Is this an enveloped virus? RNA or DNA? - ✔✔No, it is naked. DNA
✔✔What is a concern about genital warts? - ✔✔Human Papilloma virus can integrate
into DNA and cause cancer.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Name two other viruses that can cause liver inflammation: - ✔✔hepatitis E and CMV
✔✔Which virus has caused recent outbreaks of gastroenteritis on cruise ships? -
✔✔Norovirus (ss+RNA)
✔✔Name protozoan GI infections that can be contracted through contaminated drinking
water: - ✔✔giardiasis, cryptosporidosis, amebiasis
✔✔Which part of the tapeworm attaches to the abdominal wall? - ✔✔The scolex
attaches to the abdominal wall.
✔✔How is a tapeworm contracted? - ✔✔from meat with worm larvae
✔✔Which parts of the urinary system normally contain bacteria? - ✔✔none
✔✔What are common causes of cystitis? - ✔✔Cystitis is defined as inflammation of the
urinary bladder and is commonly caused by fecal contamination. Causative agent: 90%
by normal fecal flora like E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Strep. faecalis
(enterococcus).
✔✔Why is catheterization an issue? - ✔✔because catheters can introduce bacteria into
the sterile environment of the urinary tract
✔✔How is cystitis treated? - ✔✔antimicrobial depending on cause
✔✔How is leptospirosis treated? - ✔✔ampicillin or tetracyclines
✔✔Name the agent that causes gonorrhea: - ✔✔Neisseria gonorrheae
✔✔What is the incubation time? - ✔✔short (2-5 days)
✔✔What is a sign of this disease in men? In women? - ✔✔men: painful urination,
discharge with pus
women: often asymptomatic - may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
✔✔What can be a sequelae in women if the disease is not treated? - ✔✔if not treated --
> 25% - 30% lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (general term of inflammation and pain
in the uterus, uterine tubes, or ovaries) with development of scar tissue --> ectopic
pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus)
✔✔How is this disease treated? - ✔✔penicillin, tetracycline, quinolones (resistance!!!)
, ✔✔Which organs can be affected in disseminated gonorrhea? - ✔✔disseminated
gonorrhea with rash, arthritis, or even endocarditis
✔✔Name an agent that causes a similar non-gonococcal STD: - ✔✔Treponema
pallidum
✔✔Name the disease caused by Treponema pallidum: - ✔✔syphilis
✔✔What shape does this organism have? - ✔✔spirochete
✔✔What is primary syphilis? - ✔✔The first stage of syphilis.
✔✔What is the sign of disease? - ✔✔chancre (hard and not painful)
✔✔What signs are seen in secondary syphilis? - ✔✔rash (does not itch or hurt), sore
throat (could get syphilis now from kissing), and other varied symptoms that may lasts
for weeks to months
✔✔Can primary and secondary syphilis be treated? How? - ✔✔Yes, penicillin.
✔✔What is tertiary syphilis? - ✔✔50% of untreated secondary cases
✔✔What is a gumma? - ✔✔A gumma is tissue masses on skin and internal organs.
Note: It is like a granuloma with a necrotic center and wall of fibrin.
✔✔Can tertiary syphilis be treated? - ✔✔No
✔✔What type of deformity is seen in congenital syphilis? - ✔✔leads to deformities of
face and teeth
✔✔How are Treponema viewed under the microscope? - ✔✔Microorganisms can be
seen in darkfield microscopy. They don't stain well and they are so skinny that you can't
see them with a conventional microscope.
✔✔Name a genus that causes Chancroid: - ✔✔Hemophilus ducreyi
✔✔Name the virus that causes genital warts? - ✔✔Paplloma virus
✔✔Is this an enveloped virus? RNA or DNA? - ✔✔No, it is naked. DNA
✔✔What is a concern about genital warts? - ✔✔Human Papilloma virus can integrate
into DNA and cause cancer.
