Med Surg 2 Exam 4 2026 | Actual Exam
Questions and Correct Answers |
Verified Answers | Brand New Version!
What would be the response if a person's nephrons were not able to filter
normally due to scarring of the proximal convoluted tubule leading to inhibition
of reabsorption?
A. Increased urine output, fluid volume deficit
B. Decreased urine output, fluid volume deficit
C. Increased urine output, fluid volume overload
D. Decreased urine output, fluid volume overload ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------
---------ANS: A
The nephrons filter about 120 mL/min. Most of this filtrate is reabsorbed in the
proximal
convoluted tubule. If the tubule were not able to reabsorb the fluid that has
been filtered,
urine output would greatly increase, leading to rapid and severe dehydration.
With a renal threshold for glucose of 220 mg/dL, what is the expected response
when a client has a blood glucose level of 400 mg/dL?
A. 400 mg/dL of excreted glucose in the urine
B. 220 mg/dL of excreted glucose in the urine
,C. 180 mg/dL of glucose is excreted in the urine
D. No excreted glucose in the urine ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ANS: C
Blood glucose is freely filtered at the glomerulus. Therefore, if a client has a
blood sugar
level of 400 mg/dl, the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule will have a
glucose
concentration of 400 mg/dL. With a renal threshold of 220 mg/dl, a total of 220
mg/dL of
the 400 mg/dL will be reabsorbed back into the systemic circulation, and the
final urine
will have a glucose concentration of 180 mg/dL.
Which of the following conditions are associated with oversecretion of rennin?
A. Alzheimer's disease
B. Hypertension
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Diabetes insipidus ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ANS: B
Renin is secreted when special cells in the DCT, called the macula densa, sense
changes
in blood volume and pressure. When the macula densa cells sense that blood
volume is
low, blood pressure is low, or blood sodium levels are low, renin is secreted.
Renin then
converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. This leads to a series of reactions
that cause
,the secretion of the hormone aldosterone. This hormone increases kidney
reabsorption of
sodium and water, increasing blood pressure, blood volume, and blood sodium
levels.
Inappropriate or excessive renin secretion is a major cause of persistent
hypertension.
The client is taking a medication for an endocrine problem that inhibits
aldosterone
secretion and release. To what complications of this therapy should the nurse be
alert?
A. Dehydration, hypokalemia
B. Dehydration, hyperkalemia
C. Overhydration, hyponatremia
D. Overhydration, hypernatremia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ANS: B
Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that increases the reabsorption of water and
sodium in
the kidney at the same time that it promotes excretion of potassium. Any drug
or
condition that disrupts aldosterone secretion or release increases the client's
risk for
excessive water loss and potassium reabsorption.
What is the result of stimulation of erythropoietin production in the kidney
tissue?
, A. Increased blood flow to the kidney
B. Inhibition of vitamin D and loss of bone density
C. Increased bone marrow production of red blood cells
D. Inhibition of the active transport of sodium, leading to hyponatremi ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ANS: C
Erythropoietin is produced in the kidney and released in response to decreased
oxygen
tension in the renal blood supply. Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell (RBC)
production in the bone marrow.
Which of the following muscle actions results in voluntary urination?
A. Detrusor contraction, external sphincter contraction
B. Detrusor contraction, external sphincter relaxation
C. Detrusor relaxation, external sphincter contraction
D. Detrusor relaxation, external sphincter relaxation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----
------------ANS: B
Voiding becomes a voluntary act as a result of learned responses controlled by
the
cerebral cortex that cause contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle and
simultaneous
relaxation of the external urethral sphincter muscle.
Which change in renal or urinary functioning as a result of the normal aging
process increases the older client's risk for infection?
Questions and Correct Answers |
Verified Answers | Brand New Version!
What would be the response if a person's nephrons were not able to filter
normally due to scarring of the proximal convoluted tubule leading to inhibition
of reabsorption?
A. Increased urine output, fluid volume deficit
B. Decreased urine output, fluid volume deficit
C. Increased urine output, fluid volume overload
D. Decreased urine output, fluid volume overload ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------
---------ANS: A
The nephrons filter about 120 mL/min. Most of this filtrate is reabsorbed in the
proximal
convoluted tubule. If the tubule were not able to reabsorb the fluid that has
been filtered,
urine output would greatly increase, leading to rapid and severe dehydration.
With a renal threshold for glucose of 220 mg/dL, what is the expected response
when a client has a blood glucose level of 400 mg/dL?
A. 400 mg/dL of excreted glucose in the urine
B. 220 mg/dL of excreted glucose in the urine
,C. 180 mg/dL of glucose is excreted in the urine
D. No excreted glucose in the urine ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ANS: C
Blood glucose is freely filtered at the glomerulus. Therefore, if a client has a
blood sugar
level of 400 mg/dl, the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule will have a
glucose
concentration of 400 mg/dL. With a renal threshold of 220 mg/dl, a total of 220
mg/dL of
the 400 mg/dL will be reabsorbed back into the systemic circulation, and the
final urine
will have a glucose concentration of 180 mg/dL.
Which of the following conditions are associated with oversecretion of rennin?
A. Alzheimer's disease
B. Hypertension
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Diabetes insipidus ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ANS: B
Renin is secreted when special cells in the DCT, called the macula densa, sense
changes
in blood volume and pressure. When the macula densa cells sense that blood
volume is
low, blood pressure is low, or blood sodium levels are low, renin is secreted.
Renin then
converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. This leads to a series of reactions
that cause
,the secretion of the hormone aldosterone. This hormone increases kidney
reabsorption of
sodium and water, increasing blood pressure, blood volume, and blood sodium
levels.
Inappropriate or excessive renin secretion is a major cause of persistent
hypertension.
The client is taking a medication for an endocrine problem that inhibits
aldosterone
secretion and release. To what complications of this therapy should the nurse be
alert?
A. Dehydration, hypokalemia
B. Dehydration, hyperkalemia
C. Overhydration, hyponatremia
D. Overhydration, hypernatremia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ANS: B
Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that increases the reabsorption of water and
sodium in
the kidney at the same time that it promotes excretion of potassium. Any drug
or
condition that disrupts aldosterone secretion or release increases the client's
risk for
excessive water loss and potassium reabsorption.
What is the result of stimulation of erythropoietin production in the kidney
tissue?
, A. Increased blood flow to the kidney
B. Inhibition of vitamin D and loss of bone density
C. Increased bone marrow production of red blood cells
D. Inhibition of the active transport of sodium, leading to hyponatremi ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ANS: C
Erythropoietin is produced in the kidney and released in response to decreased
oxygen
tension in the renal blood supply. Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell (RBC)
production in the bone marrow.
Which of the following muscle actions results in voluntary urination?
A. Detrusor contraction, external sphincter contraction
B. Detrusor contraction, external sphincter relaxation
C. Detrusor relaxation, external sphincter contraction
D. Detrusor relaxation, external sphincter relaxation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----
------------ANS: B
Voiding becomes a voluntary act as a result of learned responses controlled by
the
cerebral cortex that cause contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle and
simultaneous
relaxation of the external urethral sphincter muscle.
Which change in renal or urinary functioning as a result of the normal aging
process increases the older client's risk for infection?
