REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
2 types of production:
1. Asexual production of a new generation by one parent
2. Sexual production of a new generation by bringing together genetic
material of two parents
SIMILARITIES: prevent species from dying out and becoming extinct,
result in food bring produced – vital in feeding the world’s growing
population
DIFFERENCES:
ASEXUAL
1. One parent, all individuals can produce offspring
2. One stage – mitosis with no fusion of cells
3. No gametes formed
4. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent
5. In a stable environment, well adapted individuals are preserved
6. Reproduction is possible where there are no or few mates
7. Faster reproduction – all individuals can produce offspring
8. More efficient, no energy input needed
9. Unable to adapt to environment
10. Usually no genotype variation
Advantages all individuals can reproduce, thus no energy is
wasted on gamete production
The process is simple[le and fast, only involves mitosis
Useful in a stable environment if the parent is well adapted
A favourable/useful mutation can spread fast enabling fast
adaptation to new conditions
Disadvantages no variation in offspring, species might die
out as they cannot adapt to environmental changes
Overcrowding my occur with resources becoming limited
SEXUAL
1. 2 parents with 2 genders
2. Two stages, meiosis & fertilisation with fusion of 2 cells
3. Gametes are formed
4. Offspring are genetically different to parents as alleles are shuffled
during meiosis and fertilisation
5. In a changing environment, individuals with variations can adapt to
new conditions
6. Slower process – half of the population are males who cannot
produce offspring
7. Less efficient – energy input is needed to produce gametes
8. Pollinators often necessary for pollination
9. They can adapt to the environment
10. Good genotype variation
2 types of production:
1. Asexual production of a new generation by one parent
2. Sexual production of a new generation by bringing together genetic
material of two parents
SIMILARITIES: prevent species from dying out and becoming extinct,
result in food bring produced – vital in feeding the world’s growing
population
DIFFERENCES:
ASEXUAL
1. One parent, all individuals can produce offspring
2. One stage – mitosis with no fusion of cells
3. No gametes formed
4. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent
5. In a stable environment, well adapted individuals are preserved
6. Reproduction is possible where there are no or few mates
7. Faster reproduction – all individuals can produce offspring
8. More efficient, no energy input needed
9. Unable to adapt to environment
10. Usually no genotype variation
Advantages all individuals can reproduce, thus no energy is
wasted on gamete production
The process is simple[le and fast, only involves mitosis
Useful in a stable environment if the parent is well adapted
A favourable/useful mutation can spread fast enabling fast
adaptation to new conditions
Disadvantages no variation in offspring, species might die
out as they cannot adapt to environmental changes
Overcrowding my occur with resources becoming limited
SEXUAL
1. 2 parents with 2 genders
2. Two stages, meiosis & fertilisation with fusion of 2 cells
3. Gametes are formed
4. Offspring are genetically different to parents as alleles are shuffled
during meiosis and fertilisation
5. In a changing environment, individuals with variations can adapt to
new conditions
6. Slower process – half of the population are males who cannot
produce offspring
7. Less efficient – energy input is needed to produce gametes
8. Pollinators often necessary for pollination
9. They can adapt to the environment
10. Good genotype variation
