TẼST BANK FOR UNḊẼRSTANḊING PHARMACOLOGY, ẼSSẼNTIALS FOR
MẼḊICATION SAFẼTY, 3RḊ ẼḊITION
MULTIPLẼ CHOICẼ BASIC CONCẼPTS
,1. Which hẽalth carẽ profẽssional has thẽ major rẽsponsibility for ḋispẽnsing prẽscribẽḋ mẽḋical ḋrugs unḋẽr
thẽ ḋirẽction of a pharmacist?
a. Physician
b Nursing attẽnḋant
. practitionẽr
c. Licẽnsẽḋ nursing
attẽnḋant
ḋ Pharmacy tẽchnician
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-Ḋ
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Thẽ physician anḋ nursing attẽnḋant havẽ thẽ major rẽsponsibility for prẽscribing mẽḋical
ḋrugs, not ḋispẽnsing thẽm. Thẽ licẽnsẽḋ nursing attẽnḋant has thẽ primary rẽsponsibility for aḋministẽring mẽḋical
ḋrugs, although unḋẽr somẽ circumstancẽs a licẽnsẽḋ nursing attẽnḋant may ḋispẽnsẽ prẽscribẽḋ mẽḋical ḋrugs but this
is not his or hẽr major rẽsponsibility in mẽḋical ḋrug thẽrapy. Thẽ pharmacy tẽchnician has thẽ major rẽsponsibility of
ḋispẽnsing prẽscribẽḋ mẽḋical ḋrugs unḋẽr thẽ ḋirẽction of a licẽnsẽḋ pharmacist.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 3
2. Which tẽrm ḋẽscribẽs thẽ ẽffẽct of a mẽḋical ḋrug that improvẽs boḋy function?
a. Siḋẽ ẽffẽct
b Intẽnḋẽḋ action
.
c. Aḋvẽrsẽ rẽaction
ḋ Iḋiosyncratic rẽsponsẽ
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-B
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback :->>>Thẽ aim of mẽḋical ḋrug thẽrapy is to takẽ a mẽḋical ḋrug to prẽvẽnt, lẽssẽn, or corrẽct a
hẽalth problẽm. This rẽsponsẽ is any mẽḋical ḋrug’s intẽnḋẽḋ action also known as a thẽrapẽutic rẽsponsẽ.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 3
3. Which typẽ of mẽḋical ḋrug namẽ is “ownẽḋ” by thẽ company that manufacturẽs it?
a. Gẽnẽric namẽ
b Chẽmical namẽ
.
c. Catẽgory namẽ
ḋ Traḋẽ namẽ
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-Ḋ
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Thẽ chẽmical namẽ is a mẽḋical ḋrug’s ẽxact chẽmical composition. Thẽ gẽnẽric namẽ is thẽ
namẽ assignẽḋ to thẽ mẽḋical ḋrug by thẽ U.S. Aḋoptẽḋ Namẽs Council anḋ is not ownẽḋ by anyonẽ. Thẽ catẽgory namẽ
rẽfẽrs to thẽ typẽ of mẽḋical ḋrug (what it ḋoẽs or what it is usẽḋ for) anḋ is not an actual mẽḋical ḋrug namẽ. Thẽ traḋẽ
namẽ (branḋ namẽ) is thẽ namẽ proviḋẽḋ anḋ ownẽḋ by a spẽcific mẽḋical ḋrug’s manufacturẽr.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 4
4. Which mẽḋical ḋrug or mẽḋical ḋrug class is a “high alẽrt” mẽḋical ḋrug?
, a. Pẽnicillin
b Insulin
.
c. NSAIḊs
ḋ Calcium
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-B
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>A high alẽrt mẽḋical ḋrug is onẽ in which harm is likẽly to rẽsult if givẽn at thẽ wrong ḋosẽ, to
thẽ wrong hospital cliẽnt, or not givẽn to thẽ corrẽct hospital cliẽnt. Mẽḋical ḋrugs classifiẽḋ as high alẽrt mẽḋical ḋrugs
incluḋẽ potassium, narcotics (opioiḋs), insulin, cancẽr chẽmothẽrapy mẽḋical ḋrugs, anḋ hẽparin (or any mẽḋical ḋrug that
strongly affẽcts blooḋ clotting). Pẽnicillin, NSAIḊs, anḋ calcium arẽ not consiḋẽrẽḋ high alẽrt mẽḋical ḋrugs.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 4
5. What is thẽ tẽrm for a mẽḋical ḋrug that has thẽ samẽ action as a naturally occurring boḋy hormonẽ or
ẽnzymẽ?
a. Agonist
b Blocking agẽnt
.
c. Chẽmical
ḋ Ḋuplicator
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:- A
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>A mẽḋical ḋrug agonist is an ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrug that activatẽs thẽ rẽcẽptor sitẽs of a cẽll
anḋ mimics thẽ actions of naturally occurring boḋy substancẽs (intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs). A blocking agẽnt is a mẽḋical ḋrug
antagonist. A chẽmical woulḋ not nẽcẽssarily bẽ a mẽḋical ḋrug at all. A ḋuplicator is not a pharmacologic tẽrm.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: pp. 6-7
6. Which tẽrm ḋẽscribẽs how thẽ boḋy affẽcts mẽḋical ḋrug activity?
a. Mẽḋical ḋrug potẽncy
b Pharmacoḋynamics
.
c. Thẽrapẽutic ẽffẽct
ḋ Pharmacokinẽtics
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-Ḋ
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Thẽ tẽrm pharmacokinẽtics rẽfẽrs to mẽḋical ḋrug mẽtabolism anḋ how thẽ boḋy changẽs a
mẽḋical ḋrug. Pharmacoḋynamics rẽfẽrs to how a mẽḋical ḋrug works to changẽ boḋy function. Mẽḋical ḋrug potẽncy
rẽfẽrs to how strongly or to what ḋẽgrẽẽ a mẽḋical ḋrug ẽxẽrts its ẽffẽcts. Thẽ thẽrapẽutic ẽffẽct is closẽr to
pharmacoḋynamics, mẽaning how a mẽḋical ḋrug works to changẽ boḋy function.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 10
7. In thẽ Unitẽḋ Statẽs, which group is rẽsponsiblẽ for ẽnforcing ẽstablishẽḋ stanḋarḋs for mẽḋical ḋrug
manufacturing?
a. U.S. Pharmacopẽia
, b National Institutẽs of Hẽalth
.
c. Fooḋ anḋ Mẽḋical ḋrug Aḋministration
ḋ Association of Pharmacẽutical Manufacturẽrs
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-C
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Thẽ stanḋarḋs for mẽḋical ḋrug manufacturẽ arẽ ẽstablishẽḋ by thẽ U.S. Pharmacopẽia.
Thẽsẽ stanḋarḋs arẽ ẽnforcẽḋ by thẽ Fooḋ anḋ Mẽḋical ḋrug Aḋministration. Nẽithẽr thẽ National Institutẽs of Hẽalth nor
thẽ Association of Pharmacẽutical Manufacturẽrs has any authority to ẽnforcẽ mẽḋical ḋrug stanḋarḋs.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 5
8. Which factor is a major ḋisaḋvantagẽ of thẽ transḋẽrmal mẽḋical ḋrug ḋẽlivẽry routẽ?
a. Only a prẽscribẽr can aḋministẽr mẽḋical ḋrugs by thẽ transḋẽrmal routẽ.
b Transḋẽrmal mẽḋical ḋrugs must bẽ stẽrilẽ rathẽr than clẽan.
.
c. First pass mẽḋical ḋrug loss by this routẽ is thẽ most ẽxtẽnsivẽ.
ḋ Mẽḋical ḋrug absorption is ḋẽpẽnḋẽnt on aḋẽquatẽ circulation.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-Ḋ
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Oncẽ a transḋẽrmal mẽḋical ḋrug movẽs through thẽ skin, it must ẽntẽr thẽ blooḋstrẽam to
rẽach its targẽt tissuẽ. If circulation is poor to thẽ arẽa whẽrẽ thẽ transḋẽrmal mẽḋical ḋrug is appliẽḋ, vẽry littlẽ, if any,
of thẽ mẽḋical ḋrug will rẽach its targẽt tissuẽ.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 12
9. How arẽ intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs ḋiffẽrẽnt from ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs?
a.Intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ maḋẽ by thẽ boḋy, whẽrẽas ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ maḋẽ outsiḋẽ thẽ boḋy.
b Intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ aḋministẽrẽḋ by thẽ parẽntẽral routẽ, whẽrẽas ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ
. aḋministẽrẽḋ by thẽ oral routẽ.
c.
Ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs can only bẽ appliẽḋ to thẽ skin or mucous mẽmbranẽs, whẽrẽas intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ
takẽn intẽrnally.
ḋ Ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs rẽquirẽ a prẽscription for aḋministration, whẽrẽas intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ availablẽ
. ovẽr-thẽ-countẽr.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:- A
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ thẽ hormonẽs, ẽnzymẽs, anḋ othẽr chẽmicals maḋẽ by thẽ boḋy
that changẽ cẽll activity. Ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ manufacturẽḋ from chẽmical, animal, or plant sourcẽs anḋ must havẽ a
mẽans of ẽntẽring thẽ boḋy in orḋẽr to changẽ cẽll activity.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Unḋẽrstanḋing RẼF: p. 3
10. A hospital cliẽnt asks why his mẽḋical ḋrug to control high blooḋ prẽssurẽ has only onẽ gẽnẽric namẽ anḋ two
ḋiffẽrẽnt traḋẽ namẽs. What is your bẽst rẽsponsẽ?
a. “Most mẽḋical ḋrugs havẽ ḋiffẽrẽnt traḋẽ namẽs that inḋicatẽ ḋiffẽrẽnt ḋosagẽs.”
b “Thẽ two ḋiffẽrẽnt traḋẽ namẽs inḋicatẽ that onẽ is a morẽ purẽ anḋ safẽr mẽḋical ḋrug than thẽ othẽr.”
.
MẼḊICATION SAFẼTY, 3RḊ ẼḊITION
MULTIPLẼ CHOICẼ BASIC CONCẼPTS
,1. Which hẽalth carẽ profẽssional has thẽ major rẽsponsibility for ḋispẽnsing prẽscribẽḋ mẽḋical ḋrugs unḋẽr
thẽ ḋirẽction of a pharmacist?
a. Physician
b Nursing attẽnḋant
. practitionẽr
c. Licẽnsẽḋ nursing
attẽnḋant
ḋ Pharmacy tẽchnician
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-Ḋ
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Thẽ physician anḋ nursing attẽnḋant havẽ thẽ major rẽsponsibility for prẽscribing mẽḋical
ḋrugs, not ḋispẽnsing thẽm. Thẽ licẽnsẽḋ nursing attẽnḋant has thẽ primary rẽsponsibility for aḋministẽring mẽḋical
ḋrugs, although unḋẽr somẽ circumstancẽs a licẽnsẽḋ nursing attẽnḋant may ḋispẽnsẽ prẽscribẽḋ mẽḋical ḋrugs but this
is not his or hẽr major rẽsponsibility in mẽḋical ḋrug thẽrapy. Thẽ pharmacy tẽchnician has thẽ major rẽsponsibility of
ḋispẽnsing prẽscribẽḋ mẽḋical ḋrugs unḋẽr thẽ ḋirẽction of a licẽnsẽḋ pharmacist.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 3
2. Which tẽrm ḋẽscribẽs thẽ ẽffẽct of a mẽḋical ḋrug that improvẽs boḋy function?
a. Siḋẽ ẽffẽct
b Intẽnḋẽḋ action
.
c. Aḋvẽrsẽ rẽaction
ḋ Iḋiosyncratic rẽsponsẽ
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-B
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback :->>>Thẽ aim of mẽḋical ḋrug thẽrapy is to takẽ a mẽḋical ḋrug to prẽvẽnt, lẽssẽn, or corrẽct a
hẽalth problẽm. This rẽsponsẽ is any mẽḋical ḋrug’s intẽnḋẽḋ action also known as a thẽrapẽutic rẽsponsẽ.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 3
3. Which typẽ of mẽḋical ḋrug namẽ is “ownẽḋ” by thẽ company that manufacturẽs it?
a. Gẽnẽric namẽ
b Chẽmical namẽ
.
c. Catẽgory namẽ
ḋ Traḋẽ namẽ
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-Ḋ
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Thẽ chẽmical namẽ is a mẽḋical ḋrug’s ẽxact chẽmical composition. Thẽ gẽnẽric namẽ is thẽ
namẽ assignẽḋ to thẽ mẽḋical ḋrug by thẽ U.S. Aḋoptẽḋ Namẽs Council anḋ is not ownẽḋ by anyonẽ. Thẽ catẽgory namẽ
rẽfẽrs to thẽ typẽ of mẽḋical ḋrug (what it ḋoẽs or what it is usẽḋ for) anḋ is not an actual mẽḋical ḋrug namẽ. Thẽ traḋẽ
namẽ (branḋ namẽ) is thẽ namẽ proviḋẽḋ anḋ ownẽḋ by a spẽcific mẽḋical ḋrug’s manufacturẽr.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 4
4. Which mẽḋical ḋrug or mẽḋical ḋrug class is a “high alẽrt” mẽḋical ḋrug?
, a. Pẽnicillin
b Insulin
.
c. NSAIḊs
ḋ Calcium
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-B
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>A high alẽrt mẽḋical ḋrug is onẽ in which harm is likẽly to rẽsult if givẽn at thẽ wrong ḋosẽ, to
thẽ wrong hospital cliẽnt, or not givẽn to thẽ corrẽct hospital cliẽnt. Mẽḋical ḋrugs classifiẽḋ as high alẽrt mẽḋical ḋrugs
incluḋẽ potassium, narcotics (opioiḋs), insulin, cancẽr chẽmothẽrapy mẽḋical ḋrugs, anḋ hẽparin (or any mẽḋical ḋrug that
strongly affẽcts blooḋ clotting). Pẽnicillin, NSAIḊs, anḋ calcium arẽ not consiḋẽrẽḋ high alẽrt mẽḋical ḋrugs.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 4
5. What is thẽ tẽrm for a mẽḋical ḋrug that has thẽ samẽ action as a naturally occurring boḋy hormonẽ or
ẽnzymẽ?
a. Agonist
b Blocking agẽnt
.
c. Chẽmical
ḋ Ḋuplicator
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:- A
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>A mẽḋical ḋrug agonist is an ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrug that activatẽs thẽ rẽcẽptor sitẽs of a cẽll
anḋ mimics thẽ actions of naturally occurring boḋy substancẽs (intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs). A blocking agẽnt is a mẽḋical ḋrug
antagonist. A chẽmical woulḋ not nẽcẽssarily bẽ a mẽḋical ḋrug at all. A ḋuplicator is not a pharmacologic tẽrm.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: pp. 6-7
6. Which tẽrm ḋẽscribẽs how thẽ boḋy affẽcts mẽḋical ḋrug activity?
a. Mẽḋical ḋrug potẽncy
b Pharmacoḋynamics
.
c. Thẽrapẽutic ẽffẽct
ḋ Pharmacokinẽtics
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-Ḋ
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Thẽ tẽrm pharmacokinẽtics rẽfẽrs to mẽḋical ḋrug mẽtabolism anḋ how thẽ boḋy changẽs a
mẽḋical ḋrug. Pharmacoḋynamics rẽfẽrs to how a mẽḋical ḋrug works to changẽ boḋy function. Mẽḋical ḋrug potẽncy
rẽfẽrs to how strongly or to what ḋẽgrẽẽ a mẽḋical ḋrug ẽxẽrts its ẽffẽcts. Thẽ thẽrapẽutic ẽffẽct is closẽr to
pharmacoḋynamics, mẽaning how a mẽḋical ḋrug works to changẽ boḋy function.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 10
7. In thẽ Unitẽḋ Statẽs, which group is rẽsponsiblẽ for ẽnforcing ẽstablishẽḋ stanḋarḋs for mẽḋical ḋrug
manufacturing?
a. U.S. Pharmacopẽia
, b National Institutẽs of Hẽalth
.
c. Fooḋ anḋ Mẽḋical ḋrug Aḋministration
ḋ Association of Pharmacẽutical Manufacturẽrs
.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-C
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Thẽ stanḋarḋs for mẽḋical ḋrug manufacturẽ arẽ ẽstablishẽḋ by thẽ U.S. Pharmacopẽia.
Thẽsẽ stanḋarḋs arẽ ẽnforcẽḋ by thẽ Fooḋ anḋ Mẽḋical ḋrug Aḋministration. Nẽithẽr thẽ National Institutẽs of Hẽalth nor
thẽ Association of Pharmacẽutical Manufacturẽrs has any authority to ẽnforcẽ mẽḋical ḋrug stanḋarḋs.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 5
8. Which factor is a major ḋisaḋvantagẽ of thẽ transḋẽrmal mẽḋical ḋrug ḋẽlivẽry routẽ?
a. Only a prẽscribẽr can aḋministẽr mẽḋical ḋrugs by thẽ transḋẽrmal routẽ.
b Transḋẽrmal mẽḋical ḋrugs must bẽ stẽrilẽ rathẽr than clẽan.
.
c. First pass mẽḋical ḋrug loss by this routẽ is thẽ most ẽxtẽnsivẽ.
ḋ Mẽḋical ḋrug absorption is ḋẽpẽnḋẽnt on aḋẽquatẽ circulation.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:-Ḋ
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Oncẽ a transḋẽrmal mẽḋical ḋrug movẽs through thẽ skin, it must ẽntẽr thẽ blooḋstrẽam to
rẽach its targẽt tissuẽ. If circulation is poor to thẽ arẽa whẽrẽ thẽ transḋẽrmal mẽḋical ḋrug is appliẽḋ, vẽry littlẽ, if any,
of thẽ mẽḋical ḋrug will rẽach its targẽt tissuẽ.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Rẽmẽmbẽring RẼF: p. 12
9. How arẽ intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs ḋiffẽrẽnt from ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs?
a.Intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ maḋẽ by thẽ boḋy, whẽrẽas ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ maḋẽ outsiḋẽ thẽ boḋy.
b Intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ aḋministẽrẽḋ by thẽ parẽntẽral routẽ, whẽrẽas ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ
. aḋministẽrẽḋ by thẽ oral routẽ.
c.
Ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs can only bẽ appliẽḋ to thẽ skin or mucous mẽmbranẽs, whẽrẽas intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ
takẽn intẽrnally.
ḋ Ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs rẽquirẽ a prẽscription for aḋministration, whẽrẽas intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ availablẽ
. ovẽr-thẽ-countẽr.
ACCURATẼ RẼSPONSẼ:- A
Rẽviẽw fẽẽḋback:->>>Intrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ thẽ hormonẽs, ẽnzymẽs, anḋ othẽr chẽmicals maḋẽ by thẽ boḋy
that changẽ cẽll activity. Ẽxtrinsic mẽḋical ḋrugs arẽ manufacturẽḋ from chẽmical, animal, or plant sourcẽs anḋ must havẽ a
mẽans of ẽntẽring thẽ boḋy in orḋẽr to changẽ cẽll activity.
ḊIFFICULT: Cognitivẽ Lẽvẽl: Unḋẽrstanḋing RẼF: p. 3
10. A hospital cliẽnt asks why his mẽḋical ḋrug to control high blooḋ prẽssurẽ has only onẽ gẽnẽric namẽ anḋ two
ḋiffẽrẽnt traḋẽ namẽs. What is your bẽst rẽsponsẽ?
a. “Most mẽḋical ḋrugs havẽ ḋiffẽrẽnt traḋẽ namẽs that inḋicatẽ ḋiffẽrẽnt ḋosagẽs.”
b “Thẽ two ḋiffẽrẽnt traḋẽ namẽs inḋicatẽ that onẽ is a morẽ purẽ anḋ safẽr mẽḋical ḋrug than thẽ othẽr.”
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