1
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NS 1410 Final Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded
A+
All organic and inorganic dietary nutrients [ Ans: ] • Organic
consists of carbohydrates fat protein and vitamins and contain
carbon.
• Inorganic consists of minerals and water and has no carbon
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Kcals per gram of fat, protein and CHO [ Ans: ] • Fat - 9 kcal per
g.
• Protein - 4 kcal per g.
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• Carbs - 4 kcal per g.
• Alcohol - 7kcal
MyPlate [ Ans: ] • Visual representation of dietary guidelines for
Americans
RDA/RDI [ Ans: ] Recommended Dietary Allowance
• RDA - Formally the principle nutrition standard for Americans.
• Why - An excess intake of energy leads to obesity and energy
• RDA is based on the mean or average energy intake for each
age and sex group.
• To plan and evaluate diets of populations.
• Estimate risk of deficiencies over time.
• Determine the adequacy of diets in surveys.
• Establish guidelines for food assistance programs guidelines for
food assistance programs.
• Guidelines for food labeling.
• To develop new food products.
, 2
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• How - Energy, protein, 11 vitamins, 7 minerals, for various age
groups throughout the life cycle, males and females, pregnant
and lactating women.
• Appetite and satiety
Digestion and absorption of; starch, protein and fats [ Ans: ] Fats
• Fats are not digested and absorbed easily because they are
insoluble in water.
• Fat digestion begins in the small intestine.
Digestion of fat in stomach:
• Gastric lipase works only in an acidic environment and it acts on
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triglycerides containing short and medium chain fatty acids.
Digestion of fats:
• Fats enter the small intestine
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• Bile is secreted from the gall bladder into the small intestine
• Bile produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
• Bile disperses fat into smaller fat droplets.
• Pancreatic enzymes break fat into two separate fatty acids and
a monoglyceride.
Digestion of fat in the small intestine:
• Primary site for fat digestion
• Bile acids emulsify digested fat,
• CCK stimulates pancreas to secrete pancreatic lipase, pancreas
releases lipase,
• Fat is broken down into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
Protein
• Protein digestion - locations, enzymes, transport
• Protein digestion begins in the stomach, hydrochloric acid
breaks down protein structure and activates pepsin
• Pepsin: an enzymes that breaks down proteins in to short
polypeptides and amino acids.
, 3
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• Proteins uncoil and lose their shape caused by heat acid base
metal and alcohol, protein function is lost
• Protein is denatured during digestion
• Denatured enzyme cannot do its job, and may occur during
high fever or when blood pH out of normal range.
• Digestion continues in the small intestine
• Pancreatic enzymes called proteases, complete the digestion of
proteins into single amino acids dipeptides and tripeptides.
• Amino acids are transported via the portal vein to the liver to be
converted to glucose or fat, build new protein, be used for
energy, and be released into the blood to the other cells.
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Pancreatic enzymes [ Ans: ] • Pancreatic amylase - digest carbs
• Pancreatic Lipase - digest fat
• Protease - digests proteins
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Bicarbonate [ Ans: ] • Neutralizes chyme
• Raises PH to 7 or more
Fiber [ Ans: ] Insoluble fiber
• Promote regular bowel movements
• Examples: lignin's cellulose, and hemicelluloses.
• Good sources: whole grains seeds legumes fruits and
vegetables.
Soluble fiber
• Associated with reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease
• Type 2 diabetes
• Lowering cholesterol
• Blood glucose levels
• Good sources: citrus fruits, berries, oat products, and beans
Characteristics of fiber, positive and negative effects of fiber
Role of fiber
, 4
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• May reduce the risk of colon cancer
• Helps prevent hemorrhoids
• Constipation and other intestinal problems
• May reduce the risk of diverticulosis
• May reduce the risk of heart disease
• May enhance weight loss
• May lower the risk of type 2 diabetes
• Adequate intake of fiber is 25 grams daily or 14 g / 1000 kcal
• Most Americans eat only half the recommended amount of
fiber
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• Its best to get fiber from food
• Adequate fluid at least eight 8oz glasses a day
Negative effects of excessive fiber:
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• 1. Displaces energy and nutrient dense foods
• 2. May cause intestinal discomfort and gas
• 3. May interfere with absorption of minerals
• 4. Can cause GI obstructions if consumed without adequate
fluids.
Caffeine [ Ans: ] • Stimulant that crosses placenta and reaches
the fetus
• 1 to 2 no harm
• Miscarriage, preterm births, low birth weight.
Absorption; Passive, facilitated, and active transport [ Ans: ] •
Passive - nutrients pass through bloodstream without carrier or
energy
• Facilitated - requires a carrier of protein
• Active - requires carrier of protein and energy
Cellulose [ Ans: ] FILL IN
Monosaccharides/Polysaccharides [ Ans: ] Monosaccharides
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
NS 1410 Final Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded
A+
All organic and inorganic dietary nutrients [ Ans: ] • Organic
consists of carbohydrates fat protein and vitamins and contain
carbon.
• Inorganic consists of minerals and water and has no carbon
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Kcals per gram of fat, protein and CHO [ Ans: ] • Fat - 9 kcal per
g.
• Protein - 4 kcal per g.
Guru01 - Stuvia
• Carbs - 4 kcal per g.
• Alcohol - 7kcal
MyPlate [ Ans: ] • Visual representation of dietary guidelines for
Americans
RDA/RDI [ Ans: ] Recommended Dietary Allowance
• RDA - Formally the principle nutrition standard for Americans.
• Why - An excess intake of energy leads to obesity and energy
• RDA is based on the mean or average energy intake for each
age and sex group.
• To plan and evaluate diets of populations.
• Estimate risk of deficiencies over time.
• Determine the adequacy of diets in surveys.
• Establish guidelines for food assistance programs guidelines for
food assistance programs.
• Guidelines for food labeling.
• To develop new food products.
, 2
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
• How - Energy, protein, 11 vitamins, 7 minerals, for various age
groups throughout the life cycle, males and females, pregnant
and lactating women.
• Appetite and satiety
Digestion and absorption of; starch, protein and fats [ Ans: ] Fats
• Fats are not digested and absorbed easily because they are
insoluble in water.
• Fat digestion begins in the small intestine.
Digestion of fat in stomach:
• Gastric lipase works only in an acidic environment and it acts on
© 2025 Assignment Expert
triglycerides containing short and medium chain fatty acids.
Digestion of fats:
• Fats enter the small intestine
Guru01 - Stuvia
• Bile is secreted from the gall bladder into the small intestine
• Bile produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
• Bile disperses fat into smaller fat droplets.
• Pancreatic enzymes break fat into two separate fatty acids and
a monoglyceride.
Digestion of fat in the small intestine:
• Primary site for fat digestion
• Bile acids emulsify digested fat,
• CCK stimulates pancreas to secrete pancreatic lipase, pancreas
releases lipase,
• Fat is broken down into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
Protein
• Protein digestion - locations, enzymes, transport
• Protein digestion begins in the stomach, hydrochloric acid
breaks down protein structure and activates pepsin
• Pepsin: an enzymes that breaks down proteins in to short
polypeptides and amino acids.
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
• Proteins uncoil and lose their shape caused by heat acid base
metal and alcohol, protein function is lost
• Protein is denatured during digestion
• Denatured enzyme cannot do its job, and may occur during
high fever or when blood pH out of normal range.
• Digestion continues in the small intestine
• Pancreatic enzymes called proteases, complete the digestion of
proteins into single amino acids dipeptides and tripeptides.
• Amino acids are transported via the portal vein to the liver to be
converted to glucose or fat, build new protein, be used for
energy, and be released into the blood to the other cells.
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Pancreatic enzymes [ Ans: ] • Pancreatic amylase - digest carbs
• Pancreatic Lipase - digest fat
• Protease - digests proteins
Guru01 - Stuvia
Bicarbonate [ Ans: ] • Neutralizes chyme
• Raises PH to 7 or more
Fiber [ Ans: ] Insoluble fiber
• Promote regular bowel movements
• Examples: lignin's cellulose, and hemicelluloses.
• Good sources: whole grains seeds legumes fruits and
vegetables.
Soluble fiber
• Associated with reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease
• Type 2 diabetes
• Lowering cholesterol
• Blood glucose levels
• Good sources: citrus fruits, berries, oat products, and beans
Characteristics of fiber, positive and negative effects of fiber
Role of fiber
, 4
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
• May reduce the risk of colon cancer
• Helps prevent hemorrhoids
• Constipation and other intestinal problems
• May reduce the risk of diverticulosis
• May reduce the risk of heart disease
• May enhance weight loss
• May lower the risk of type 2 diabetes
• Adequate intake of fiber is 25 grams daily or 14 g / 1000 kcal
• Most Americans eat only half the recommended amount of
fiber
© 2025 Assignment Expert
• Its best to get fiber from food
• Adequate fluid at least eight 8oz glasses a day
Negative effects of excessive fiber:
Guru01 - Stuvia
• 1. Displaces energy and nutrient dense foods
• 2. May cause intestinal discomfort and gas
• 3. May interfere with absorption of minerals
• 4. Can cause GI obstructions if consumed without adequate
fluids.
Caffeine [ Ans: ] • Stimulant that crosses placenta and reaches
the fetus
• 1 to 2 no harm
• Miscarriage, preterm births, low birth weight.
Absorption; Passive, facilitated, and active transport [ Ans: ] •
Passive - nutrients pass through bloodstream without carrier or
energy
• Facilitated - requires a carrier of protein
• Active - requires carrier of protein and energy
Cellulose [ Ans: ] FILL IN
Monosaccharides/Polysaccharides [ Ans: ] Monosaccharides
