WATER
Water makes 70% if the Earth's surface. The most purest form of water is rain water.
Spring water is very pure and the safest for drinking.
Sea water is the most impure form of water.
Distilled water is a chemically pure water; It is made from the condensation of Liebig's condenser.
Deionized water is made from exchange resins.
Distilled water is purer than deionized water.
Water from deep wells is neater than water from surface wells.
There are two types of water namely; Hard water and Soft water.
. Hard water: It contains calcium and magnesium ions.
There are two types of hard water namely; Temporary hard water and Permanent hard water.
Temporary Hard water contains calcium or magnesium hydrogen trioxo carbonate (iv), CaHCO3
Effects of Temporary Hardness
I) Furring of kettles and broilers
II) Stalagmites & Stalactites
Stalagmites grows from the foot of a cave
WHILE
Stalactites grows from the roof/ top of a cave
amount of slaked lime.
n ie
Temporary hard water is used mostly in homes, it can be removed by boiling and addition of a calculated
ha
Permanent Hard water contains calcium tetraoxosulphate (vi), CaSO4. It can be removed by the addition of
washing soda/ soda lime.
ep
Effects of Hard Water
st
• It does not lather with soap.
• It is safe for drinking.
@
• It does not corrode lead pipes and dies not cause lead acid poisoning.
Soft water lathers with soap, has a weird taste and cause lead acid poisoning.
Plants prefer soft water to hard water.
Soft water has a low pH while Hard water has a high pH, i.e Soft water is acidic, pH value of 1–6.
Hard water is neutral to alkaline, pH value of 7–14.
Treatment of water for Town Supply
Sedimentation→ Flocculation → Filtration → Chlorination (disinfection)
Iodine in water prevents goitre. Fluorine prevents tooth decay. Chlorine kills germs.
Hard water cannot be used for dyeing and tanning
Soft water does not stain white
Water makes 70% if the Earth's surface. The most purest form of water is rain water.
Spring water is very pure and the safest for drinking.
Sea water is the most impure form of water.
Distilled water is a chemically pure water; It is made from the condensation of Liebig's condenser.
Deionized water is made from exchange resins.
Distilled water is purer than deionized water.
Water from deep wells is neater than water from surface wells.
There are two types of water namely; Hard water and Soft water.
. Hard water: It contains calcium and magnesium ions.
There are two types of hard water namely; Temporary hard water and Permanent hard water.
Temporary Hard water contains calcium or magnesium hydrogen trioxo carbonate (iv), CaHCO3
Effects of Temporary Hardness
I) Furring of kettles and broilers
II) Stalagmites & Stalactites
Stalagmites grows from the foot of a cave
WHILE
Stalactites grows from the roof/ top of a cave
amount of slaked lime.
n ie
Temporary hard water is used mostly in homes, it can be removed by boiling and addition of a calculated
ha
Permanent Hard water contains calcium tetraoxosulphate (vi), CaSO4. It can be removed by the addition of
washing soda/ soda lime.
ep
Effects of Hard Water
st
• It does not lather with soap.
• It is safe for drinking.
@
• It does not corrode lead pipes and dies not cause lead acid poisoning.
Soft water lathers with soap, has a weird taste and cause lead acid poisoning.
Plants prefer soft water to hard water.
Soft water has a low pH while Hard water has a high pH, i.e Soft water is acidic, pH value of 1–6.
Hard water is neutral to alkaline, pH value of 7–14.
Treatment of water for Town Supply
Sedimentation→ Flocculation → Filtration → Chlorination (disinfection)
Iodine in water prevents goitre. Fluorine prevents tooth decay. Chlorine kills germs.
Hard water cannot be used for dyeing and tanning
Soft water does not stain white
