BIO 201 Anatomy and Physiology Final Questions With
Complete Solutions
Although the anterior head and face represent only a small
percentage of the body surface, burns to this area are often more
serious than those to the body trunk. Why? correct answers
burns to the face are serious because damage to the respiratory
passageways can occur in such burns
An element has a mass of 207 and has 125 neutrons in its
nucleus. How many protons and electrons does it have and
where are they located?... correct answers this element has 82
protons in its nucleus and 82 electrons in its orbitals (electron
cloud)
Are crests, tubercles, and spines bony projections or
depressions? correct answers crests, tubercles, and spines are
bony projections
As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does this
membrane expansion involve endocytosis or exocytosis? correct
answers The plasma membrane expands as a result of
exocytosis
As a long bone grows in length, what is happening in the
hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal plate? correct answers the
chondrocytes are enlarging and their lacunae are breaking down
and leaving holes in the cartilage matrix
,Besides supporting our weight, what is a major function of the
arches of the foot? correct answers because of their springiness,
the foot arches save energy during locomotion.
Besides the ribs and sternum, there is a third group of bones
making up the thoracic cage. What is it? correct answers the
thoracic vertebrae also contribute to the thoracic cage
Besides the spinal curvatures, which skeletal elements help to
make the vertebral column flexible? correct answers the
fibrocartilage discs contribute to the flexibility of the vertebral
column
Blood contains a liquid component and living cells. Would it be
classified as a compound or a mixture? correct answers Blood is
a mixture because its components are no changed by their
combination and they can be separated by physical means.
Bones don't begin with bone tissue. What do they begin with?
correct answers bones begin as fibrous membranes or hyaline
cartilage.
Cartilage grows by interstitial growth. What does this mean?
correct answers interestrial growth is growth from within
Codons and anticodons are both three-base sequences. How do
they differ? correct answers Codons are three-base sequences in
mRNA, each of which specifies an amino acid. Anticodons are
three-base sequences in tRNA that are complementary to the
codons specifying the amino acid they transport to the ribosome
during protein synthesis.
,Compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes. correct
answers The lysosomes enzymes digest foreign substances
engulfed by the cell, non useful or deteriorating organelles, or
even the cell itself to prevent the buildup of cellular debris. the
enzymes is peroxisomes detoxify harmful chemicals and
neutralize free radicals.
Contrast the general function of the axial skeleton to that of the
appendicular skeleton. correct answers the major function of the
axial skeleton is to establish the long axis of the body and to
protect structures that it encloses. The general function of the
appendicular skeleton is to allow us mobility for propulsion and
manipulation of our environment.
Describe two functions of bone's marrow cavities. correct
answers Bone marrow cavities serve as sites for blood cell
formation and fat storage
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? correct
answers DNA is synthesized during the S phase.
Epithelial tissue is the only tissue type that has polarity, that is,
an apical and a basal surface. Why is this important? correct
answers Epithelial tissue lines body cavities and convers the
body's external surface; thus polarity with one free apical
surface is a requirement.
Generally speaking, what factor is most important in stabilizing
synovial joints? correct answers the muscle tendons that cross
, the joint are typically the most important factor in stabilizing
synovial joints
Given that epithelia are avascular, which layer would you expect
to have the best nourished cells? correct answers the stratum
basale, which abuts the dermis where the blood supply is, has
the best nourished cells
Glucose is an energy rich molecule. So why do body cells need
ATP? correct answers ATP stores energy in smaller packets that
are more readily release and transferred (during ATP hydrolysis)
than the energy stored in glucose. Hence the use of ATP as an
energy source keeps energy waste to a minimum.
How are microtubules and microfilaments related functionally?
correct answers Both microfilaments and microtubules are
involved in organelle movements within the cell and/or
movements of the cell as a whole.
How are multicellular exocrine glands classified? correct
answers These exocrine glands are classified by duct structure
and secretory mode.
How are the joint mobility and stability related? correct answers
in general the more stable a joint, the less mobile it is.
How can you distinguish a lumbar vertebra from a thoracic
vertebra? correct answers A lumbar vertebra is heavier and its
massive body is kidney shaped. Its spinous processes are short
and project directly back. A thoracic vertebral body is generally
heat shaped, its spinous process is long, sharp, and points
Complete Solutions
Although the anterior head and face represent only a small
percentage of the body surface, burns to this area are often more
serious than those to the body trunk. Why? correct answers
burns to the face are serious because damage to the respiratory
passageways can occur in such burns
An element has a mass of 207 and has 125 neutrons in its
nucleus. How many protons and electrons does it have and
where are they located?... correct answers this element has 82
protons in its nucleus and 82 electrons in its orbitals (electron
cloud)
Are crests, tubercles, and spines bony projections or
depressions? correct answers crests, tubercles, and spines are
bony projections
As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does this
membrane expansion involve endocytosis or exocytosis? correct
answers The plasma membrane expands as a result of
exocytosis
As a long bone grows in length, what is happening in the
hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal plate? correct answers the
chondrocytes are enlarging and their lacunae are breaking down
and leaving holes in the cartilage matrix
,Besides supporting our weight, what is a major function of the
arches of the foot? correct answers because of their springiness,
the foot arches save energy during locomotion.
Besides the ribs and sternum, there is a third group of bones
making up the thoracic cage. What is it? correct answers the
thoracic vertebrae also contribute to the thoracic cage
Besides the spinal curvatures, which skeletal elements help to
make the vertebral column flexible? correct answers the
fibrocartilage discs contribute to the flexibility of the vertebral
column
Blood contains a liquid component and living cells. Would it be
classified as a compound or a mixture? correct answers Blood is
a mixture because its components are no changed by their
combination and they can be separated by physical means.
Bones don't begin with bone tissue. What do they begin with?
correct answers bones begin as fibrous membranes or hyaline
cartilage.
Cartilage grows by interstitial growth. What does this mean?
correct answers interestrial growth is growth from within
Codons and anticodons are both three-base sequences. How do
they differ? correct answers Codons are three-base sequences in
mRNA, each of which specifies an amino acid. Anticodons are
three-base sequences in tRNA that are complementary to the
codons specifying the amino acid they transport to the ribosome
during protein synthesis.
,Compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes. correct
answers The lysosomes enzymes digest foreign substances
engulfed by the cell, non useful or deteriorating organelles, or
even the cell itself to prevent the buildup of cellular debris. the
enzymes is peroxisomes detoxify harmful chemicals and
neutralize free radicals.
Contrast the general function of the axial skeleton to that of the
appendicular skeleton. correct answers the major function of the
axial skeleton is to establish the long axis of the body and to
protect structures that it encloses. The general function of the
appendicular skeleton is to allow us mobility for propulsion and
manipulation of our environment.
Describe two functions of bone's marrow cavities. correct
answers Bone marrow cavities serve as sites for blood cell
formation and fat storage
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? correct
answers DNA is synthesized during the S phase.
Epithelial tissue is the only tissue type that has polarity, that is,
an apical and a basal surface. Why is this important? correct
answers Epithelial tissue lines body cavities and convers the
body's external surface; thus polarity with one free apical
surface is a requirement.
Generally speaking, what factor is most important in stabilizing
synovial joints? correct answers the muscle tendons that cross
, the joint are typically the most important factor in stabilizing
synovial joints
Given that epithelia are avascular, which layer would you expect
to have the best nourished cells? correct answers the stratum
basale, which abuts the dermis where the blood supply is, has
the best nourished cells
Glucose is an energy rich molecule. So why do body cells need
ATP? correct answers ATP stores energy in smaller packets that
are more readily release and transferred (during ATP hydrolysis)
than the energy stored in glucose. Hence the use of ATP as an
energy source keeps energy waste to a minimum.
How are microtubules and microfilaments related functionally?
correct answers Both microfilaments and microtubules are
involved in organelle movements within the cell and/or
movements of the cell as a whole.
How are multicellular exocrine glands classified? correct
answers These exocrine glands are classified by duct structure
and secretory mode.
How are the joint mobility and stability related? correct answers
in general the more stable a joint, the less mobile it is.
How can you distinguish a lumbar vertebra from a thoracic
vertebra? correct answers A lumbar vertebra is heavier and its
massive body is kidney shaped. Its spinous processes are short
and project directly back. A thoracic vertebral body is generally
heat shaped, its spinous process is long, sharp, and points
