PHCH 667 Final Test Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2025-2026
Which of the following is not true about kidney glomerulus? - Answers Protein biologics, e.g.,
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are filtered at glomerulus
Which drug can turn urine into red to orange color? - Answers Doxorubicin
During dipstick urinalysis, normal urine should not contain the following substances except for: -
Answers Sodium and potassium
Urea is mainly produced in the liver to remove toxic ammonia. Although urea is almost
completely filtered by glomerulus, approximately 50% of the filtered urea is re-absorbed by
kidney tubules. - Answers True
Creatinine clearance is inversely related to the serum creatinine concentration. - Answers True
Which of the following would elevate serum creatinine concentration? - Answers All are correct
(dehydration, renal dysfunction caused by aminoglycosides, urinary tract obstruction)
A patient (11 years old) is prescribed imipenem IV for a gram-negative bacterial infection.
Imipenem overdose can cause seizure and other CNS adverse effects, especially in patients
with CNS disorders and/or compromised renal function. Imipenem dosage needs to be adjusted
based on calculated CrCL or GFR. Which formula would be most appropriate in this case to
calculate CrCL or GFR. - Answers Schwartz formula or Counahan-Barratt formula
Which of the following methods/assays is NOT used to determine creatinine serum
concentration? - Answers Immunoassay (detect using antibodies against creatinine)
Which of the following is indicative of alcoholic liver disease? - Answers AST:ALT ratio > 2
and/or GGTP:ATP > 2.5
Which of the following substances is administered to a patient with a long prothrombin time (PT)
to determine if the cause is liver malfunction or malnutrition? - Answers Vitamin K
Which of the following is not increased during hepatitis infection? - Answers Serum albumin
Unconjugated bilirubin (indirect) is insoluble in aqueous conditions and cannot be directly
detected by the van der Bergh reaction. Conjugated bilirubin is formed in the liver by UGT1A1-
catalyzed glucuronidation and can be detected by the van der Bergh reaction. - Answers True
In order for someone to be infected with hepatitis D, they must also be infected with which of
the following? - Answers Hepatitis B
Elevated ALP and normal 5-NT (or normal ALT) means the problem is probably a nonhepatic
etiology - Answers True
Which of the following proteins has a half-life of approximately 20 days and decreased
, concentrations in serum are indicative of liver disease? - Answers Albumin
A new cardiovascular prevention guideline was released in 2013 by AHA and American College
of Cardiology to calculate the ASCVD risks based on risk factors. Serum cholesterol levels (TC
and HDL) are considered as risk factors in the new calculation - Answers True
Serum total cholesterol can be measured using chemical or enzymatic assays. Which of the
following is false about TC assays? - Answers In enzymatic assay, cholesterol is quantified by
LC/MS-based analytical assays.
Which of the following is FALSE about lipoproteins? - Answers HDL contains the highest percent
of cholesterol in its lipid payload and is the major carrier of cholesterol in the blood
LDL is often calculated based on the Friedewald equation. Which of the following is the correct
Friedewald equation - Answers [LCL-C] = [TC] - [HDL-C] - [TG]/5
If lipid profile is measured using nonfasting blood samples, which lipid results can still be
accurate? - Answers TC and HDL
According to the NCEP 2001 guideline, what is the desirable TC level and what HDL level is
considered low (if desirable)? - Answers TC < 200mg/dL and HDL < 40 mg/dL
A new cardiovascular prevention guideline was released in 2013 by AHA and American College
of Cardiology to calculate the ASCVD risks based on risk factors. Serum cholesterol levels (Tc
and HDL) are considered as risk factors in the new calculation. - Answers True
Triglycerides are esterified form of glycerol and fatty acids. Serum TG levels are not significantly
altered after a fatty meal. - Answers False
Generally, BNP and NT-BMP levels are predicative as follows: - Answers Low levels of BNP or
NT-BNP (100 and 300) are indicative that heart failure is unlikely
Serum biomarkers for heart attack are released into serum in which order (from first to last)? -
Answers Myoglobin, troponins = creatine kinase, lactase dehydrogenase
Myocardial infarction leads to death of heart muscle due to lack of oxygen which leads to
release of cardiac enzymes and proteins into the serum. Which parameters is the MOST
challenging in terms evaluating serum biomarker results? - Answers Determining when a heart
attack started (time zero)
Generally, high levels of hs-CRP are predictive of which of the following? - Answers Lower
survival rates and recurrent events
Which of the following is true? - Answers UA/NSTEMI is defined by ST- depression or prominent
T-inversion and/or positive biomarkers
Which of the following characteristics is not a key role for myoglobin as an early biomarker for
Which of the following is not true about kidney glomerulus? - Answers Protein biologics, e.g.,
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are filtered at glomerulus
Which drug can turn urine into red to orange color? - Answers Doxorubicin
During dipstick urinalysis, normal urine should not contain the following substances except for: -
Answers Sodium and potassium
Urea is mainly produced in the liver to remove toxic ammonia. Although urea is almost
completely filtered by glomerulus, approximately 50% of the filtered urea is re-absorbed by
kidney tubules. - Answers True
Creatinine clearance is inversely related to the serum creatinine concentration. - Answers True
Which of the following would elevate serum creatinine concentration? - Answers All are correct
(dehydration, renal dysfunction caused by aminoglycosides, urinary tract obstruction)
A patient (11 years old) is prescribed imipenem IV for a gram-negative bacterial infection.
Imipenem overdose can cause seizure and other CNS adverse effects, especially in patients
with CNS disorders and/or compromised renal function. Imipenem dosage needs to be adjusted
based on calculated CrCL or GFR. Which formula would be most appropriate in this case to
calculate CrCL or GFR. - Answers Schwartz formula or Counahan-Barratt formula
Which of the following methods/assays is NOT used to determine creatinine serum
concentration? - Answers Immunoassay (detect using antibodies against creatinine)
Which of the following is indicative of alcoholic liver disease? - Answers AST:ALT ratio > 2
and/or GGTP:ATP > 2.5
Which of the following substances is administered to a patient with a long prothrombin time (PT)
to determine if the cause is liver malfunction or malnutrition? - Answers Vitamin K
Which of the following is not increased during hepatitis infection? - Answers Serum albumin
Unconjugated bilirubin (indirect) is insoluble in aqueous conditions and cannot be directly
detected by the van der Bergh reaction. Conjugated bilirubin is formed in the liver by UGT1A1-
catalyzed glucuronidation and can be detected by the van der Bergh reaction. - Answers True
In order for someone to be infected with hepatitis D, they must also be infected with which of
the following? - Answers Hepatitis B
Elevated ALP and normal 5-NT (or normal ALT) means the problem is probably a nonhepatic
etiology - Answers True
Which of the following proteins has a half-life of approximately 20 days and decreased
, concentrations in serum are indicative of liver disease? - Answers Albumin
A new cardiovascular prevention guideline was released in 2013 by AHA and American College
of Cardiology to calculate the ASCVD risks based on risk factors. Serum cholesterol levels (TC
and HDL) are considered as risk factors in the new calculation - Answers True
Serum total cholesterol can be measured using chemical or enzymatic assays. Which of the
following is false about TC assays? - Answers In enzymatic assay, cholesterol is quantified by
LC/MS-based analytical assays.
Which of the following is FALSE about lipoproteins? - Answers HDL contains the highest percent
of cholesterol in its lipid payload and is the major carrier of cholesterol in the blood
LDL is often calculated based on the Friedewald equation. Which of the following is the correct
Friedewald equation - Answers [LCL-C] = [TC] - [HDL-C] - [TG]/5
If lipid profile is measured using nonfasting blood samples, which lipid results can still be
accurate? - Answers TC and HDL
According to the NCEP 2001 guideline, what is the desirable TC level and what HDL level is
considered low (if desirable)? - Answers TC < 200mg/dL and HDL < 40 mg/dL
A new cardiovascular prevention guideline was released in 2013 by AHA and American College
of Cardiology to calculate the ASCVD risks based on risk factors. Serum cholesterol levels (Tc
and HDL) are considered as risk factors in the new calculation. - Answers True
Triglycerides are esterified form of glycerol and fatty acids. Serum TG levels are not significantly
altered after a fatty meal. - Answers False
Generally, BNP and NT-BMP levels are predicative as follows: - Answers Low levels of BNP or
NT-BNP (100 and 300) are indicative that heart failure is unlikely
Serum biomarkers for heart attack are released into serum in which order (from first to last)? -
Answers Myoglobin, troponins = creatine kinase, lactase dehydrogenase
Myocardial infarction leads to death of heart muscle due to lack of oxygen which leads to
release of cardiac enzymes and proteins into the serum. Which parameters is the MOST
challenging in terms evaluating serum biomarker results? - Answers Determining when a heart
attack started (time zero)
Generally, high levels of hs-CRP are predictive of which of the following? - Answers Lower
survival rates and recurrent events
Which of the following is true? - Answers UA/NSTEMI is defined by ST- depression or prominent
T-inversion and/or positive biomarkers
Which of the following characteristics is not a key role for myoglobin as an early biomarker for
