NCLEX PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2024/ACTUAL EXAM WITH 350 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS/ALREADY
GRADED A+/ 2024-2025
One of the most common side effects of Enalapril (Vasotec) is:
1. Dry hacking cough.
2. Hypertension.
3. Constipation.
4. Irritability. - SOLUTION- 1. Dry hacking cough.
Rationale: A cough is commonly associated with angiotensin-
converting enzymeinhibitors, resulting from increased sensitivity of
cough reflex.
A student caregiver questions the caregiver about why the client has 20mEq of
Potassium Chloride (KCl) in his IV. The caregiver explains the purpose and then
refers the studentto which laboratory tests?
1. Electrolytes.
2. Glucose.
3. Hemoglobin.
4. Arterial blood gases. - SOLUTION- 1. Electrolytes.
Rationale: It measures potassium, among other things.
A client asks the caregiver why he is receiving patches of Nitroglycerin instead of
justtaking it under the tongue when he needs it. The caregiver explains that:
, 1. "Given in this manner, the medication is absorbed at a slow, steady rate."
2. "This manner is effective in acute situations."
3. "This manner allows for more accurate dosage."
"Patches administer a day's to a week's worth of medications." - SOLUTION- 1. "Given in this
manner, the medication is absorbed at a slow, steady rate."
Rationale: After application to the skin, the medication is absorbed at a slow,
constantrate, allowing for the maintenance of a therapeutic level.
A client with cancer has been receiving high doses of Morphine for several days.
During an assessment, the side effect that the caregiver would be likely to see is:
1. Constipation.
2. Respiratory Depression.
3. Pain Relief.
4. Diarrhea. - SOLUTION- 1. Constipation.
Rationale: These clients need to be on a bowel program. Constipation is the
only sideeffect for which clients do not develop a tolerance.
The physician has ordered Mycostatin 5ml, swish and swallow twice daily. The
caregiver should instruct the client to:
1. "Swallow the medication quickly, and follow with 8oz of water."
2. "Shake the bottle before administering to help mix the suspension."
3. "Brush your teeth carefully before each dose."
4."Maintain contact with the mucosa as long as possible before swallowing . -
SOLUTION- 4. "Maintain contact with the mucosa as long as possible before
swallowing."
,Rationale: This allows for maximal contact with impaired oral mucosa.
The caregiver will know that the client understands teaching about self-
administration of Oral Corticosteroids when the client states that she will take the
medications:
1. Before meals.
2. With or after meals.
3. At bedtime.
4. With orange juice.
- SOLUTION- 2. With or after meals
Rationale: the medication is considered ulcerogenic.
A caregiver is making a home visit to care for a client with COPD. When she
arrivesat the home, she finds that the couple has a big box of medications all
mixed together, and some of them are outdated. The first priority should be to:
1. Examine all the labels to determine which ones are still viable.
2. Question the couple to see what medications they are taking.
3. Report the situation to her supervisor so that she can contact the physician.
4. Contact the social worker to begin placement proceedings for the couple. -
SOLUTION- 3. Report the situation to her supervisor so that she can contact
the physician.
Rationale: The physician needs to know to verify any needed prescription.
Prioritize the following concerns from highest to lowest priority for a caregiver
visitinga childless couple:
1. Household cleaners stored under the sink.
, 2. Insulin syringes on the kitchen cabinet.
3. Husband and wife's medication stored together on the bedside table.
4. Two empty bottles of wine in the trash bin.
SOLUTION- 3. Husband and wife's medication stored together on the bedside
table.
1. Household cleaners stored under the sink. 2. Insulin syringes on the kitchen
cabinet.
4. Two empty bottles of wine in the trash bin.
A caregiver is assessing signs of alcohol withdrawal in one of her clients.
Theseassessments would include:
- SOLUTION- - Tremors.
Anxiety.
Increased blood pressure
All of these are signs of alcohol withdraw. Along with tachycardia,
diaphoresis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, insomnia. hallucinations and seizures.
Items that would be appropriate to teach a client being treated with Warfarin (Coumadin): - SOLUTION-
- "It is important to avoid eating excessive amounts of broccoli."
"It is important to monitor for any signs of bleeding in urine and stool."
"The physician will regulate your medication according to your blood work."
Broccoli contains large amounts of Vitamin K.
Bleeding may occur if the dosage is not regulated properly. Dosage is managed by
monitoring therapeutic levels.
An 89 year old man is complaining of urinary retention during the medication
history. Which assessment would be a priority to report to the physician?
2024/ACTUAL EXAM WITH 350 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS/ALREADY
GRADED A+/ 2024-2025
One of the most common side effects of Enalapril (Vasotec) is:
1. Dry hacking cough.
2. Hypertension.
3. Constipation.
4. Irritability. - SOLUTION- 1. Dry hacking cough.
Rationale: A cough is commonly associated with angiotensin-
converting enzymeinhibitors, resulting from increased sensitivity of
cough reflex.
A student caregiver questions the caregiver about why the client has 20mEq of
Potassium Chloride (KCl) in his IV. The caregiver explains the purpose and then
refers the studentto which laboratory tests?
1. Electrolytes.
2. Glucose.
3. Hemoglobin.
4. Arterial blood gases. - SOLUTION- 1. Electrolytes.
Rationale: It measures potassium, among other things.
A client asks the caregiver why he is receiving patches of Nitroglycerin instead of
justtaking it under the tongue when he needs it. The caregiver explains that:
, 1. "Given in this manner, the medication is absorbed at a slow, steady rate."
2. "This manner is effective in acute situations."
3. "This manner allows for more accurate dosage."
"Patches administer a day's to a week's worth of medications." - SOLUTION- 1. "Given in this
manner, the medication is absorbed at a slow, steady rate."
Rationale: After application to the skin, the medication is absorbed at a slow,
constantrate, allowing for the maintenance of a therapeutic level.
A client with cancer has been receiving high doses of Morphine for several days.
During an assessment, the side effect that the caregiver would be likely to see is:
1. Constipation.
2. Respiratory Depression.
3. Pain Relief.
4. Diarrhea. - SOLUTION- 1. Constipation.
Rationale: These clients need to be on a bowel program. Constipation is the
only sideeffect for which clients do not develop a tolerance.
The physician has ordered Mycostatin 5ml, swish and swallow twice daily. The
caregiver should instruct the client to:
1. "Swallow the medication quickly, and follow with 8oz of water."
2. "Shake the bottle before administering to help mix the suspension."
3. "Brush your teeth carefully before each dose."
4."Maintain contact with the mucosa as long as possible before swallowing . -
SOLUTION- 4. "Maintain contact with the mucosa as long as possible before
swallowing."
,Rationale: This allows for maximal contact with impaired oral mucosa.
The caregiver will know that the client understands teaching about self-
administration of Oral Corticosteroids when the client states that she will take the
medications:
1. Before meals.
2. With or after meals.
3. At bedtime.
4. With orange juice.
- SOLUTION- 2. With or after meals
Rationale: the medication is considered ulcerogenic.
A caregiver is making a home visit to care for a client with COPD. When she
arrivesat the home, she finds that the couple has a big box of medications all
mixed together, and some of them are outdated. The first priority should be to:
1. Examine all the labels to determine which ones are still viable.
2. Question the couple to see what medications they are taking.
3. Report the situation to her supervisor so that she can contact the physician.
4. Contact the social worker to begin placement proceedings for the couple. -
SOLUTION- 3. Report the situation to her supervisor so that she can contact
the physician.
Rationale: The physician needs to know to verify any needed prescription.
Prioritize the following concerns from highest to lowest priority for a caregiver
visitinga childless couple:
1. Household cleaners stored under the sink.
, 2. Insulin syringes on the kitchen cabinet.
3. Husband and wife's medication stored together on the bedside table.
4. Two empty bottles of wine in the trash bin.
SOLUTION- 3. Husband and wife's medication stored together on the bedside
table.
1. Household cleaners stored under the sink. 2. Insulin syringes on the kitchen
cabinet.
4. Two empty bottles of wine in the trash bin.
A caregiver is assessing signs of alcohol withdrawal in one of her clients.
Theseassessments would include:
- SOLUTION- - Tremors.
Anxiety.
Increased blood pressure
All of these are signs of alcohol withdraw. Along with tachycardia,
diaphoresis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, insomnia. hallucinations and seizures.
Items that would be appropriate to teach a client being treated with Warfarin (Coumadin): - SOLUTION-
- "It is important to avoid eating excessive amounts of broccoli."
"It is important to monitor for any signs of bleeding in urine and stool."
"The physician will regulate your medication according to your blood work."
Broccoli contains large amounts of Vitamin K.
Bleeding may occur if the dosage is not regulated properly. Dosage is managed by
monitoring therapeutic levels.
An 89 year old man is complaining of urinary retention during the medication
history. Which assessment would be a priority to report to the physician?
