Test Bank - Genetics Essentials-Concepts and Connections, 5th Edition (Pierce, 2022), Chapter 1-18 | All Chapters

TESTBANK
GeneticsEssentials:ConceptsandConnections5thEditionby
BenjaminA.Pierce




www.PlusBay.Plus

,TABLEOFCONTENT

Chapter01:IntroductiontoGenetics ............................................................................................................................ 3
Chapter02:ChromosomesandCellularReproduction ................................................................................................ 15
Chapter03:BasicPrinciplesofHeredity ..................................................................................................................... 32
Chapter04:ExtensionsandModificationsofBasicPrinciples...................................................................................... 59
Chapter05:Linkage,Recombination,andEukaryoticGeneMapping .......................................................................... 98
Chapter06:ChromosomeVariation ........................................................................................................................ 115
Chapter07:BacterialandViralGeneticSystems ....................................................................................................... 139
Chapter08DNA:TheChemicalNatureoftheGene ................................................................................................... 152
Chapter09:DNAReplicationandRecombination .................................................................................................... 181
Chapter10:FromDNAtoProteins:TranscriptionandRNAProcessing ...................................................................... 198
Chapter11:FromDNAtoProteins:Translation ........................................................................................................ 224
Chapter12:ControlofGeneExpression ................................................................................................................... 244
Chapter13:GeneMutations,TransposableElements,andDNARepair ...................................................................... 278
Chapter14:MolecularGeneticAnalysisandBiotechnology ..................................................................................... 298
Chapter15:GenomicsandProteomics ..................................................................................................................... 314
Chapter16:CancerGenetics ................................................................................................................................... 332
Chapter17:QuantitativeGenetics ........................................................................................................................... 346
Chapter18:PopulationandEvolutionaryGenetics ................................................................................................... 366

,Chapter01:IntroductiontoGenetics
1. Albinism is rare inmost humanpopulations, occurring at afrequencyof about 1 in 20,000 people. However, the
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traitoccurs at a frequencyof 1 in 200 incertain Hopivillagesof Black Mesain Arizona. Explainintermsofnatural
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selectionwhyalbinismissorareinmosthumanpopulations.
z




ANSWER:Inmostpopulations,thereisfairlystrongselectionagainstalbinismbecausealbinosdon‘tproducemelanin,
z



causingtheirskincellsnottobeprotectedfromthedamagingeffectsofsunlight.Also,thelackofmelaninin
theireyescausesthemtohavepooreyesight.Finally,inmostculturesalbinosareseenasabnormal,
andtheyarenotnormallysoughtoutformarriageandmating.Therefore,inmostpopulations
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theallelesthatcausealbinismareselectedagainst,andtheydecreaseinfrequencyorarekeptatalow level,
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causingtherecessivetraittoberare.
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2. Albinism is rare inmost humanpopulations, occurring at afrequencyof about 1 in 20,000 people. However, the
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traitoccurs at a frequencyof 1 in 200 incertain Hopivillagesof Black Mesain Arizona. Explainintermsofnatural
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selectionwhythetraitissomuchmorecommonamongtheHopisofBlackMesa.
z




ANSWER:Albinosoccupyaprivilegedpositionamongthe Hopisof Black Mesa. In thisculture, albinosareviewed z z z z z z



as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership. Albinosare
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celebratedinthevillagesasasignofpurityofHopibloodinthecommunity.
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Furthermore,albinosareoftenexcusedfromnormalmalefieldlaborbecauseoftheirsensitivityto
sunlight,causingthemtobeleftbehindinthevillagewiththewomenduringthedaytime.Thisallows
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themextramatingopportunitiescomparedtotheothermenofthevillage.Therefore,theallelesthatcause
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albinismareeitherselectedforinthiscultureoratleastnotselectedagainstasstronglyasinothercultures,
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allowingthetraittooccuratamuchhigherfrequency.
z




3. Whichoneofthefollowingpairingsbetweenthesubdisciplineofgeneticsandthephenomenonis
INCORRECT?
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a. evolution—populationgenetics
b. generegulation—moleculargenetics
c. allelicfrequencyalteration—populationgenetics
d. arrangementofgeneson chromosome—transmissiongenetics z




e. chemicalnatureof thegene—transmissiongenetics
z




ANSWER:e

4. Whichoneofthefollowingtopicsofresearchbelongstothedisciplineoftransmissiongenetics?
a. inheritancepatternofgenealleles
b. mechanismofDNAreplication
c. geneexpressionpatterns
d. evolution
e. chemicalmodificationofnucleicacids
ANSWER:a

5. Thecompletegeneticmakeupofanorganismisreferredtoasits
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.

, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER:d

6. IdentifyaTRUEstatementfromthefollowingdescriptionsconcerninggenetics.
a. Thetheoryofpangenesisstatesthatalllivingorganismsarecomposedofcells.
b. Bacteriaandviruses arenot usefulin studying genes andinheritancebecausetheyarestructurallyand
z b z



zmetabolicallydifferentfromeukaryoticcells.
c. CharlesDarwinaccuratelydescribedthelawsofinheritanceinhislandmarkbook,OntheOriginof
zSpecies.
d. Manyhumantraits,suchasskinandhaircolor,aredeterminedbymorethanasinglegene.
e. Evolutioncanoccurwithoutgeneticchangesinthepopulation.
ANSWER:d

7. IdentifyaFALSEstatementfromthefollowingdescriptionsofgenetics.
a. Humansfirstappliedgeneticstothedomesticationofplantsandanimalsbetweenapproximately
z10,000and12,000yearsago.
b. SomevirusesuseRNAtocarrytheirgeneticinformation.
c. Albinismresultsfromamutation inthegenesthatcontrolthesynthesisandstorageofmelanin.
z z




d. Allhumantraitsthatdisplayblendinginheritance areaffected byasinglegene.
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e. Theprocessbywhichgeneticinformationiscopiedanddecodedissimilarforallformsoflife.
ANSWER:d

8. Whichofthefollowingspeciesisconsideredamodelgeneticorganism?
a. theplantLinariavulgaris
b. thedeermousePeromyscusmaniculatus
c. thewormCaenorhabditiselegans
d. thefrogHylachrysoscelis
e. thechimpanzeePantroglodytes
ANSWER:c
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9. WhichofthefollowingwouldservetheLEASTwellasamodelforunderstandingbasicmechanismsof
inheritance?
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a. fruitflies
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER:b

10. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
a. Eachsubdisciplineofgeneticsisveryspecificasto what isexploredand does not overlap withthe
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