FULL TEST BANK For McCance & Huether’S Pathophysiology 9th Edition, THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN, BY JULIA L. ROGERS ;Fully Completed, , ISBN-13: 9780323789882, CHAPTER 1-49, NEWEST VERSION

TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults
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and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide 2024-2025
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, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE h




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h




Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other h h h h h h h h h h h




substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
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descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 2 h h




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome h h




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h




Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed h h h h h h h h h




largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
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histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
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information.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 2 h h




3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
h p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to h h h h h h h h h




remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes h




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h




Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use h h h h h h h h h h




oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
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produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
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escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
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synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
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envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
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the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
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catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are
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involved in enzyme production.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 8 h h




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
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h injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum h h




b. Golgi complex h d. Lysosomes h




ACCURATE ANSWER:-D h

, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful h h h h h h h h h h




digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their leakage into the
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cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads
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to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
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causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PGs 7-8 h h




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells
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from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
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membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
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membrane.
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c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi
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complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-A h




Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the h h h h h h h h h h h h h




ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The
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other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5 h h h h h




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M h




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h




Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h




which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
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phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase,
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during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
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synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
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cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 37 h h




7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
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receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
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active pumps?
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a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates h




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h

, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances h h h h h h h h h h




moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels for various
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electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids
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and monosaccharides; and
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(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions,
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particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for
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example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment.
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The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 13 | PG 15 h h h h h




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated h h h h h h h h h




apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
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human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders h h h




b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders h h h




c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders h h h




d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders h h h




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h




Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for h h h h h h h h h h




designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
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human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
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other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 15 h h h




9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
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membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains h c. Membrane channel proteins h h




b. Glycoprotein channels h d. Lipid bilayer
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-D h




Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the h h h h h h h h h h h




plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
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dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region.
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The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while
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allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse
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through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: h h 1 REF: PGs 12-13 h h




10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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a. How a cell membrane functions h h h h




b. Why our bodies appear to be solid h h h h h h




c. How tissue is differentiated h h h




d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-A h




Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their h h h h h h h h h h h




self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining options
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do not explain the mosaic model.
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