MLS Immunology Exam 2025-2026
Question and Correct answer GRADED A+
From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in
response to antigenic stimulation: - ANSWERSImmunoglobulin
Which two organs are considered the primary lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent cells
originate and mature? - ANSWERSThymus and bone marrow
What type of B cells are formed after antigen stimulation? - ANSWERSPlasma cells and memory B cells
T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus for maturation. What is the correct order of the
maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus? - ANSWERSMaturation and selection occur in the cortex;
migration to the medulla; release of mature T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
Which CD marker appears during the first stage of T cell development and remains present as an
identifying marker for T cells? - ANSWERSCD two
Which markers are found on mature, peripheral helper T cells? - ANSWERSCD two, three and four
Which T cell expresses the CD eight marker and acts specifically to kill tumors or virally infected cells? -
ANSWERST cytotoxic
How are cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells similar? - ANSWERSEffective against virally infected cells
What is the name of the process by which phagocytic cells are attracted to a substance such as a
bacterial peptide? - ANSWERSChemotaxis
All of the following are immunologic functions of complement except: - ANSWERSInduction of an
antiviral state
,Which complement component is found in both the classic and alternative pathways? - ANSWERSC
three
Which immunoglobulins help initiate the classic complement pathway? - ANSWERSI g G and I g M
How is complement activity destroyed in vitro? - ANSWERSHeating serum at fifty six degrees Celsius for
thirty minutes
What is the purpose of C three a, C four a, and C five a, the split products of the complement cascade? -
ANSWERSTo cause increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of
histamine from basophils
Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule can bind antigen? - ANSWERSF a b
Which region determines whether an immunoglobulin molecule can fix complement? - ANSWERSC H
Which immunoglobulin classes have a
J chain? - ANSWERSI g M and s I g A
Which immunoglobulin appears first in the primary immune response? - ANSWERSI g M
Which immunoglobulin appears in highest titer in the secondary response? - ANSWERSI g G
Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta? - ANSWERSI g G
Which immunoglobulin cross links mast cells to release histamine? - ANSWERSI g E
All of the following are functions of immunoglobulins except: - ANSWERSInteracting with T cytotoxic
cells to lyse viruses
, Which of the following cell surface molecules is
classified as an MHC class two antigen? - ANSWERSHLA DR
Which MHC class of molecule is necessary for
antigen recognition by CD four positive T cells? - ANSWERSClass two
Which of the following are products of HLA class three genes? - ANSWERSComplement proteins C two, C
four, and Factor B
What molecule on the surface of most T cells
recognizes antigen? - ANSWERST c R, consisting of two chains, alpha and beta
The T cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it: - ANSWERSContains V and
C regions on each of its chains
Toll like receptors are found on which cells? - ANSWERSDendritic cells
Macrophages produce which of the following proteins during antigen processing? - ANSWERSInterleukin
one and interleukin six
A superantigen, such as toxic shock syndrome
toxin one, bypasses the normal antigen processing stage by binding to and cross linking: - ANSWERSA
portion of a T cell receptor and an MHC class two molecule
T regulator cells, responsible for controlling autoimmune antibody production, express which of the
following phenotypes? - ANSWERSCD three, four and twenty five
The interaction between an individual antigen and antibody molecule depends upon several types of
bonds such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, and van der Waals forces. How is the
strength of this attraction characterized? - ANSWERSAffinity
Question and Correct answer GRADED A+
From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in
response to antigenic stimulation: - ANSWERSImmunoglobulin
Which two organs are considered the primary lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent cells
originate and mature? - ANSWERSThymus and bone marrow
What type of B cells are formed after antigen stimulation? - ANSWERSPlasma cells and memory B cells
T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus for maturation. What is the correct order of the
maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus? - ANSWERSMaturation and selection occur in the cortex;
migration to the medulla; release of mature T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
Which CD marker appears during the first stage of T cell development and remains present as an
identifying marker for T cells? - ANSWERSCD two
Which markers are found on mature, peripheral helper T cells? - ANSWERSCD two, three and four
Which T cell expresses the CD eight marker and acts specifically to kill tumors or virally infected cells? -
ANSWERST cytotoxic
How are cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells similar? - ANSWERSEffective against virally infected cells
What is the name of the process by which phagocytic cells are attracted to a substance such as a
bacterial peptide? - ANSWERSChemotaxis
All of the following are immunologic functions of complement except: - ANSWERSInduction of an
antiviral state
,Which complement component is found in both the classic and alternative pathways? - ANSWERSC
three
Which immunoglobulins help initiate the classic complement pathway? - ANSWERSI g G and I g M
How is complement activity destroyed in vitro? - ANSWERSHeating serum at fifty six degrees Celsius for
thirty minutes
What is the purpose of C three a, C four a, and C five a, the split products of the complement cascade? -
ANSWERSTo cause increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of
histamine from basophils
Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule can bind antigen? - ANSWERSF a b
Which region determines whether an immunoglobulin molecule can fix complement? - ANSWERSC H
Which immunoglobulin classes have a
J chain? - ANSWERSI g M and s I g A
Which immunoglobulin appears first in the primary immune response? - ANSWERSI g M
Which immunoglobulin appears in highest titer in the secondary response? - ANSWERSI g G
Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta? - ANSWERSI g G
Which immunoglobulin cross links mast cells to release histamine? - ANSWERSI g E
All of the following are functions of immunoglobulins except: - ANSWERSInteracting with T cytotoxic
cells to lyse viruses
, Which of the following cell surface molecules is
classified as an MHC class two antigen? - ANSWERSHLA DR
Which MHC class of molecule is necessary for
antigen recognition by CD four positive T cells? - ANSWERSClass two
Which of the following are products of HLA class three genes? - ANSWERSComplement proteins C two, C
four, and Factor B
What molecule on the surface of most T cells
recognizes antigen? - ANSWERST c R, consisting of two chains, alpha and beta
The T cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it: - ANSWERSContains V and
C regions on each of its chains
Toll like receptors are found on which cells? - ANSWERSDendritic cells
Macrophages produce which of the following proteins during antigen processing? - ANSWERSInterleukin
one and interleukin six
A superantigen, such as toxic shock syndrome
toxin one, bypasses the normal antigen processing stage by binding to and cross linking: - ANSWERSA
portion of a T cell receptor and an MHC class two molecule
T regulator cells, responsible for controlling autoimmune antibody production, express which of the
following phenotypes? - ANSWERSCD three, four and twenty five
The interaction between an individual antigen and antibody molecule depends upon several types of
bonds such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, and van der Waals forces. How is the
strength of this attraction characterized? - ANSWERSAffinity
