BIOL 3201 Midterm Test Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update

BIOL 3201 Midterm Test Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update BSL - Answers biosafety level BSL 1 - Answers Microorganisms not known to cause disease in healthy adults. Ex. Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus saprophyticus BSL 2 - Answers Indigenous microorganisms that can lead to diseases of varying severity in healthy adults. Ex. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella BSL 3 - Answers Indigenous or exotic microorganisms that cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission. Ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularenis BSL 4 - Answers Microorganisms that are dangerous and exotic with high risk of aerosol transmitted infections. Rarely are there treatments or vaccines for these microorganisms, and the diseases they cause are frequently fatal. Ex. Ebola virus, Marburg virus What microorganisms will we use in this lab? - Answers BSL 1 and BSL 2 ubiquity of microorganisms - Answers refers to the concept that microorganisms are everywhere microorganism - Answers a general term for living organisms that cannot be seen without a microscope disinfectants - Answers can destroy vegetative cells and viruses but may not destroy endospores cannot be used to sterilize surfaces simple stain - Answers staining with a single stain and allows microbiologists to visualize cell morphology, cell arrangement, and internal storage materials Gram staining - Answers A method of differentiating bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative. differential stain purple= Gram positive (Ex. Staphylococcus aureus) pink/red= Gram negative (Ex. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) crystal violet - Answers primary stain Gram's iodine - Answers mordant ethanol - Answers decolorizer safranin - Answers counterstain cocci - Answers bacteria with a spherical morphology Ex. Streptococcus in chains, Staphylococcus in clusters rods (bacilli) - Answers bacteria with a rod shaped morphology Ex. Pseudomonas aeruginosa singly, Bacillus in chains spiral/ curved - Answers corkscrew rods Ex. Campylobacter aerobic bacteria - Answers Bacteria that require oxygen for growth hydrogen peroxide - Answers produced as a by-product aerobic respiration highly reactive oxidizing agent catalase - Answers enzyme produced by aerobes that degrades hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water strict anaerobes - Answers cannot grow in the presence of oxygen lack catalase aerotolerant bacteria - Answers anaerobes that tolerate oxygen lack catalase facultative anaerobes - Answers bacteria that can grow by respiration or fermentation/ with or without oxygen produce catalase catalase test - Answers differentiates microorganisms based on their ability to produce the catalase enzyme bubbles= catalase positive (Ex. Escherichia coli) no bubbles= catalase negative (Ex. Enterococcus faecalis) oxidase test - Answers assays for the presence of cytochrome oxidase, an enzyme in the electron transport chain blue= oxidase positive (Ex. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) no color change= oxidase negative (Ex. Staphylococcus aureus)