VTNE - Emergency and critical care Exam Questions
and Correct Answers (100% COMPLETE
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | 100%
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The oncology department brings a dog to the emergency department after vincristine (a vinca alkaloid)
extravasation. Which of the following procedures is not recommended?
A. Administration of the remainder of the medication
B. Inject saline, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate around the site
C. Withdrawal as much of the medication as possible
D. Apply a warm compress - ✔✔Administration of the remainder of the medication
The proper site for an intraperitoneal injection is:
A. On the lateral abdominal wall just caudal to the rib cage
B. Caudal to the umbilicus to the midline
C. At the level of the umbilicus to the right or left of the midline
D. Cranial to the umbilicus - ✔✔Cranial to the umbilicus
The rapid intravenous administration of large amounts of potassium can result in:
A. Respiratory arrest
B. Cardiac arrest
C. Polyuria
D. Polydipsia - ✔✔Cardiac arrest
The Schiff-Sherrington posture is indicative of injury to which part of the spine?
A. Cranial-C6
B. C6-T2
C. T1-T3
D. T3-L3 - ✔✔T3-L3
The stretch (or load) placed on the myocardial fibers right before the heart contracts is known as:
A. Afterload
B. Contractility
C. Preload
D. Resistance - ✔✔Preload
The underlying disease for most cases of feline aortic thromboembolism is ___ in origin.
A. Cardiac
B. Hepatic
C. Renal
D. Respiratory - ✔✔Cardiac
The unit of measurement for insulin is:
A.Milliliters
B. Microliters
C. Milligrams
D. International units - ✔✔International units
The veterinarian has authorized you to start infusing intravenous fluids in a 0.25-kg Yorkshire terrier
puppy that is critically ill. You are unable to insert a catheter into a jugular or cephalic vein. An
alternate site that can be used to administer large volumes of fluids is the:
A. Medullary cavity of the femur
B. Carotid artery
C. Lingual vein
,D. Ear vein - ✔✔Medullary cavity of the femur
The veterinarian has directed you to give a whole blood transfusion to a 0.3-kg kitten with severe
anemia from flea infestation. You are unable to insert an intravenous or intraosseous catheter. Which
of the following would be the most effective alternate route to administer the blood effectively?
A. Subcutaneous injection
B. Intramuscular injection
C. Intraperitoneal injection
D. Per os - ✔✔Intraperitoneal injection
The veterinarian has requested bloodwork on a patient. When reviewing the results, you notice that
the patient has an elevated blood lactate level. What change would you expect to see on a blood gas?
A. Normal pH
B. Elevated pH
C. Decreased pH
D. No change in pH - ✔✔Decreased pH
The veterinarian is concerned that a patient's platelets are not functioning properly. Which test will
the doctor request?
A. Activated clotting time
B. Activated partial thromboplastin time
C. Buccal mucosal bleeding time
D. Prothrombin time - ✔✔Buccal mucosal bleeding time
To minimize hemorrhage to the head of a canine trauma patient, where should pressure be applied?
A. At the thoracic inlet in both jugular grooves
B. At the thoracic inlet of the left jugular groove
C. To the area adjacent and central to the mandible
D. To the lateral points of the temporomandibular joint - ✔✔To the area adjacent and ventral to the
mandible
To place a nasal oxygenation catheter in a dog, a veterinary technician would measure to the:
A. Beginning of the thoracic inlet
B. Medial canthus of the eye
C. Pharynx
D. No measurement is needed; a standard catheter that is 1.5 inches in length is used - ✔✔Medial
canthus of the eye
To reduce intracranial pressure that results from trauma, _____ may be administered every 4 to 8
hours.
A. Atropine
B. Dexamethasone
C. Diazepam
D. Mannitol - ✔✔Mannitol
were elevated in a dog with a If the hindquarters severe diaphragmatic hernia, what effect would this
have on respiration?
A. There is no change in respiratory rate or labor of respirations
B. Respiratory rate decreases and respiration becomes less labored
C. Respiratory rate increases and respiration becomes more labored
D. A cough is induced - ✔✔Respiratory rate increases and respiration becomes more labored
What changes will be seen on the pulse oximeter of a patient with carbon dioxide poisoning?
A. It will be high
B. It will be low
C. No change
D. Normal - ✔✔Normal
, What coagulation factors are tested by a prothrombin time?
A. I, II, V, VII, X
B. I, II, III, IV
C. V, VII, X, XII
D. V, XI, XII, XIII - ✔✔A. I, II, V, VII, X
What coagulation factors are tested with an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)?
A. I, II, V, VII, X
B. I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
C. V, VII, IX
D. VIII, IX, X, XI - ✔✔B. I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
What electrolyte imbalance is most likely to be found in a cat with total urethral obstruction?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyperchloremia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia - ✔✔Hyperkalemia
What is a patient's expected PaO, when breathing room air?
A. 21 mm Hg
B. 40 mm Hg
C. 75 mm Hg
D. 100 mm Hg - ✔✔100 mm Hg
What is not usually a sign of acute gastric dilatation/ volvulus?
A. Unproductive vomiting
B. Hypersalivation
C. Abdominal distention
D. Profuse diarrhea - ✔✔Profuse diarrhea
What is the cause of polyuria/polydipsia in dogs with a pyometra?
A. Increased thirst resulting from fever
B. Release of prostaglandin
C. Dehydration
D. Release of endotoxin - ✔✔Release of endotoxin
What is the correct formula when discussing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
A. CPP = ICP (intracranial pressure) - MAP (mean arterial pressure)
B. CPP = ICP + MAP
C. CPP = MAP - ICP
D. CPP = MAP + ICP - ✔✔CPP = MAP - ICP
What is the expected difference between a patient's end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and the actual PaCO,
(carbon dioxide in the arterial blood)?
A. EtCO2, 2-5 mm Hg less than the PaCO2
B. EtCO2, 5-7 mm Hg less than the PaCO2
C. PACO2, 2-5 mm Hg less than the EtCO2
D. PaCO2, 5-7 mm Hg less than the EtCO2 - ✔✔EtCO2, 2-5 mm Hg less than the PaCO2
What is the initial cause of blepharospasm?
A. Ocular discharge
B. Increased intraocular pressure
C. Lacrimation
D. Irritation to the eye - ✔✔Irritation to the eye
What is the main determinant of the treatment of a hyperthermic patient?
and Correct Answers (100% COMPLETE
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | 100%
satisfaction guaranteed
The oncology department brings a dog to the emergency department after vincristine (a vinca alkaloid)
extravasation. Which of the following procedures is not recommended?
A. Administration of the remainder of the medication
B. Inject saline, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate around the site
C. Withdrawal as much of the medication as possible
D. Apply a warm compress - ✔✔Administration of the remainder of the medication
The proper site for an intraperitoneal injection is:
A. On the lateral abdominal wall just caudal to the rib cage
B. Caudal to the umbilicus to the midline
C. At the level of the umbilicus to the right or left of the midline
D. Cranial to the umbilicus - ✔✔Cranial to the umbilicus
The rapid intravenous administration of large amounts of potassium can result in:
A. Respiratory arrest
B. Cardiac arrest
C. Polyuria
D. Polydipsia - ✔✔Cardiac arrest
The Schiff-Sherrington posture is indicative of injury to which part of the spine?
A. Cranial-C6
B. C6-T2
C. T1-T3
D. T3-L3 - ✔✔T3-L3
The stretch (or load) placed on the myocardial fibers right before the heart contracts is known as:
A. Afterload
B. Contractility
C. Preload
D. Resistance - ✔✔Preload
The underlying disease for most cases of feline aortic thromboembolism is ___ in origin.
A. Cardiac
B. Hepatic
C. Renal
D. Respiratory - ✔✔Cardiac
The unit of measurement for insulin is:
A.Milliliters
B. Microliters
C. Milligrams
D. International units - ✔✔International units
The veterinarian has authorized you to start infusing intravenous fluids in a 0.25-kg Yorkshire terrier
puppy that is critically ill. You are unable to insert a catheter into a jugular or cephalic vein. An
alternate site that can be used to administer large volumes of fluids is the:
A. Medullary cavity of the femur
B. Carotid artery
C. Lingual vein
,D. Ear vein - ✔✔Medullary cavity of the femur
The veterinarian has directed you to give a whole blood transfusion to a 0.3-kg kitten with severe
anemia from flea infestation. You are unable to insert an intravenous or intraosseous catheter. Which
of the following would be the most effective alternate route to administer the blood effectively?
A. Subcutaneous injection
B. Intramuscular injection
C. Intraperitoneal injection
D. Per os - ✔✔Intraperitoneal injection
The veterinarian has requested bloodwork on a patient. When reviewing the results, you notice that
the patient has an elevated blood lactate level. What change would you expect to see on a blood gas?
A. Normal pH
B. Elevated pH
C. Decreased pH
D. No change in pH - ✔✔Decreased pH
The veterinarian is concerned that a patient's platelets are not functioning properly. Which test will
the doctor request?
A. Activated clotting time
B. Activated partial thromboplastin time
C. Buccal mucosal bleeding time
D. Prothrombin time - ✔✔Buccal mucosal bleeding time
To minimize hemorrhage to the head of a canine trauma patient, where should pressure be applied?
A. At the thoracic inlet in both jugular grooves
B. At the thoracic inlet of the left jugular groove
C. To the area adjacent and central to the mandible
D. To the lateral points of the temporomandibular joint - ✔✔To the area adjacent and ventral to the
mandible
To place a nasal oxygenation catheter in a dog, a veterinary technician would measure to the:
A. Beginning of the thoracic inlet
B. Medial canthus of the eye
C. Pharynx
D. No measurement is needed; a standard catheter that is 1.5 inches in length is used - ✔✔Medial
canthus of the eye
To reduce intracranial pressure that results from trauma, _____ may be administered every 4 to 8
hours.
A. Atropine
B. Dexamethasone
C. Diazepam
D. Mannitol - ✔✔Mannitol
were elevated in a dog with a If the hindquarters severe diaphragmatic hernia, what effect would this
have on respiration?
A. There is no change in respiratory rate or labor of respirations
B. Respiratory rate decreases and respiration becomes less labored
C. Respiratory rate increases and respiration becomes more labored
D. A cough is induced - ✔✔Respiratory rate increases and respiration becomes more labored
What changes will be seen on the pulse oximeter of a patient with carbon dioxide poisoning?
A. It will be high
B. It will be low
C. No change
D. Normal - ✔✔Normal
, What coagulation factors are tested by a prothrombin time?
A. I, II, V, VII, X
B. I, II, III, IV
C. V, VII, X, XII
D. V, XI, XII, XIII - ✔✔A. I, II, V, VII, X
What coagulation factors are tested with an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)?
A. I, II, V, VII, X
B. I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
C. V, VII, IX
D. VIII, IX, X, XI - ✔✔B. I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
What electrolyte imbalance is most likely to be found in a cat with total urethral obstruction?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyperchloremia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia - ✔✔Hyperkalemia
What is a patient's expected PaO, when breathing room air?
A. 21 mm Hg
B. 40 mm Hg
C. 75 mm Hg
D. 100 mm Hg - ✔✔100 mm Hg
What is not usually a sign of acute gastric dilatation/ volvulus?
A. Unproductive vomiting
B. Hypersalivation
C. Abdominal distention
D. Profuse diarrhea - ✔✔Profuse diarrhea
What is the cause of polyuria/polydipsia in dogs with a pyometra?
A. Increased thirst resulting from fever
B. Release of prostaglandin
C. Dehydration
D. Release of endotoxin - ✔✔Release of endotoxin
What is the correct formula when discussing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
A. CPP = ICP (intracranial pressure) - MAP (mean arterial pressure)
B. CPP = ICP + MAP
C. CPP = MAP - ICP
D. CPP = MAP + ICP - ✔✔CPP = MAP - ICP
What is the expected difference between a patient's end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and the actual PaCO,
(carbon dioxide in the arterial blood)?
A. EtCO2, 2-5 mm Hg less than the PaCO2
B. EtCO2, 5-7 mm Hg less than the PaCO2
C. PACO2, 2-5 mm Hg less than the EtCO2
D. PaCO2, 5-7 mm Hg less than the EtCO2 - ✔✔EtCO2, 2-5 mm Hg less than the PaCO2
What is the initial cause of blepharospasm?
A. Ocular discharge
B. Increased intraocular pressure
C. Lacrimation
D. Irritation to the eye - ✔✔Irritation to the eye
What is the main determinant of the treatment of a hyperthermic patient?
