NR667 Chamberlain CEA week 8 exit exam |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\
Blood Flow |\
Lungs ® Pulmonary Veins ® Left Atrium ® Aorta ® Body Tissues ® Vena Cava
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
® Right Atrium ® Right Ventricle ® Pulmonary Arteries ® Lungs
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Symptoms with right vs left side heart blockage|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
· Blockage on the left side of the heart backs up and causes lung symptoms
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
· Blockage on the right side of the heart backs up and causes body symptoms
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(peripheral edema)
|\ |\
HNC8 HTN Guidelines |\ |\
Defined as 140/90 |\ |\
Treatment algorithm: |\
Less than 60 years old - 140/90
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> 60 years old - Defined as 150/90 (more leniency b/c we do not want to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
drop their BP too low)
|\ |\ |\ |\
What hypertension medication should someone with DM and/or CKD be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
on?
ACE or ARB (protects kidneys)
|\ |\ |\ |\
,What HTN medication should an African American pt be on?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CCB
What HTN medications should be used in patients with heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Carvediolol and Thiazide diuretics|\ |\ |\
Common side effects from ACE inhibitors
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cough, angioedema
|\
What HTN medication is contraindicated if an ACE inhibitor caused
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
angioedema?
ARB
What HTN medication should a heart failure pt NEVER be on?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CCB
(These cause the heart to "relax" which is not good in HF pts)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2 types of CCBs
|\ |\ |\
Dihydropyridines & Non-dihydropyridines |\ |\
What are dihydropyridine CCBs used for?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
BP control
|\
Example of a dihydropyridine CCB and side effects
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Amlodipine
Bradycardic side effects, peripheral edema, constipation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs used for?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
arrhythmias
Example of a non-dihydropyridine CCB and side effects
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,cardizem
Tachycardic side effects/palpitations - these meds were peripherally and have
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a rebound tachycardia
|\ |\ |\
The atria (top chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
K+ (potassium) and Ca (calcium)
|\ |\ |\ |\
The ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Na (sodium) and K+ (potassium)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Conditions in the atria needs medications that work on K+ or Ca such as ..
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cardizem (CCB) or Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Conditions in the ventricles needs medications that work on K+ or Na such
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
as .. |\
Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker) |\ |\ |\
What class of medications could be used for atrial and ventricular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conditions?
Beta-blockers or potassium channel blocker (Amiodarone) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with reduced EF?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
< 40%|\
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with preserved EF?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
40 or greater
|\ |\
HF patients with reduced EF need to be on what medications?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Carvedilol, loop diuretic, ACE, or ARB |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What type of diuretics are more potent?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Loop diuretics |\
Which hypertensive medications are "cardio-protective"?
|\ |\ |\ |\
, ACEs and ARBs |\ |\
Functional classes of HF (NYHA): |\ |\ |\ |\
I: No sx
|\ |\
II: Sx w/ moderate exertion
|\ |\ |\ |\
III: Sx w ADLs
|\ |\ |\
IV: Sx at rest
|\ |\ |\
What is the ASCVD risk score?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measurement of a pt's 10 yr risk of an adverse cardiac event |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the high-intensity statins?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Atorvastatin 40-80 mg |\ |\
Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg |\ |\
What happens during S1 heart sounds?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which structural heart condition can cause syncope or near-syncope?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Aortic stenosis |\
Which structural heart condition cause a harsh, high-pitches sound that can
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
be heard in the neck or on the right side of the chest near the 2nd
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intercostal space? |\
Aortic regurgitation/insufficiency
|\
Which structural heart condition is very loud and can be heard on the lower
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
left side of the chest?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
|\
What are the 2 most common places for a AAA?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
infra-renal and ascending aorta |\ |\ |\
Which aortic aneurysm requires surgery right away?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\
Blood Flow |\
Lungs ® Pulmonary Veins ® Left Atrium ® Aorta ® Body Tissues ® Vena Cava
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
® Right Atrium ® Right Ventricle ® Pulmonary Arteries ® Lungs
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Symptoms with right vs left side heart blockage|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
· Blockage on the left side of the heart backs up and causes lung symptoms
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
· Blockage on the right side of the heart backs up and causes body symptoms
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(peripheral edema)
|\ |\
HNC8 HTN Guidelines |\ |\
Defined as 140/90 |\ |\
Treatment algorithm: |\
Less than 60 years old - 140/90
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
> 60 years old - Defined as 150/90 (more leniency b/c we do not want to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
drop their BP too low)
|\ |\ |\ |\
What hypertension medication should someone with DM and/or CKD be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
on?
ACE or ARB (protects kidneys)
|\ |\ |\ |\
,What HTN medication should an African American pt be on?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CCB
What HTN medications should be used in patients with heart failure?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Carvediolol and Thiazide diuretics|\ |\ |\
Common side effects from ACE inhibitors
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cough, angioedema
|\
What HTN medication is contraindicated if an ACE inhibitor caused
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
angioedema?
ARB
What HTN medication should a heart failure pt NEVER be on?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CCB
(These cause the heart to "relax" which is not good in HF pts)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2 types of CCBs
|\ |\ |\
Dihydropyridines & Non-dihydropyridines |\ |\
What are dihydropyridine CCBs used for?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
BP control
|\
Example of a dihydropyridine CCB and side effects
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Amlodipine
Bradycardic side effects, peripheral edema, constipation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs used for?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
arrhythmias
Example of a non-dihydropyridine CCB and side effects
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,cardizem
Tachycardic side effects/palpitations - these meds were peripherally and have
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a rebound tachycardia
|\ |\ |\
The atria (top chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
K+ (potassium) and Ca (calcium)
|\ |\ |\ |\
The ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Na (sodium) and K+ (potassium)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Conditions in the atria needs medications that work on K+ or Ca such as ..
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cardizem (CCB) or Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Conditions in the ventricles needs medications that work on K+ or Na such
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
as .. |\
Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker) |\ |\ |\
What class of medications could be used for atrial and ventricular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conditions?
Beta-blockers or potassium channel blocker (Amiodarone) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with reduced EF?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
< 40%|\
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with preserved EF?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
40 or greater
|\ |\
HF patients with reduced EF need to be on what medications?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Carvedilol, loop diuretic, ACE, or ARB |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What type of diuretics are more potent?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Loop diuretics |\
Which hypertensive medications are "cardio-protective"?
|\ |\ |\ |\
, ACEs and ARBs |\ |\
Functional classes of HF (NYHA): |\ |\ |\ |\
I: No sx
|\ |\
II: Sx w/ moderate exertion
|\ |\ |\ |\
III: Sx w ADLs
|\ |\ |\
IV: Sx at rest
|\ |\ |\
What is the ASCVD risk score?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
measurement of a pt's 10 yr risk of an adverse cardiac event |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the high-intensity statins?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Atorvastatin 40-80 mg |\ |\
Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg |\ |\
What happens during S1 heart sounds?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which structural heart condition can cause syncope or near-syncope?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Aortic stenosis |\
Which structural heart condition cause a harsh, high-pitches sound that can
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
be heard in the neck or on the right side of the chest near the 2nd
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intercostal space? |\
Aortic regurgitation/insufficiency
|\
Which structural heart condition is very loud and can be heard on the lower
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
left side of the chest?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
|\
What are the 2 most common places for a AAA?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
infra-renal and ascending aorta |\ |\ |\
Which aortic aneurysm requires surgery right away?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
