GENÉTICA (BIOQUÍMICA)
Leonor Redondo de Sande
The genetic information contains all the information necessary to produce a living
thing. It is stored in the nucleus of the cells, in the nucleic acid, normally in the
DNA because it is more stable than RNA.(Thera are some exceptions because there
exist bacterias and viruses which store its genetic information in the ARN)
¿HOW IT IS STORED?
Our DNA is huge. In our body this molecule is found in the form of chromosomes.
The chromosomes are formed like this:
1. The DNA in humans is wrapped around proteins called HISTONES.
2. These histones are joined forming NUCLEOSOMES and the DNA
continues to wrap around them.
3. The nucleosomes get bond forming COILS.
4. The coils then get bond forming SUPERCOILS.
5. Finally these supercoils form the CHROMOSOMES.
PARTS OF A CHROMOSOME:
Telomere: they are the chromosome tips.
→ They are repeats(They don’t store
information they have a structural function)
→They act as a sort of biological clock.
(The shorter the length of our
chromosomes, the older we are.)
→Are whitted down at each mitosis(the procession of cell division).
, [Each time that the mitosis occurs they become shorter. As we grow older, the
telomere of our chromosomes become shorter and therefore our cells function
worse. (This is what we call cellular aging)]
Centromere: it is in the middle of the chromosome
→They are highly condensed, they have a lot of supercoils.
→Are repeats.
→Is the region where spindle fibers (a type of proteins) attach, to pull
chromatids apart during mitosis.
HOMOLOGOUS PAIR.
Humans have 23 pairs of
homologous chromosomes.(46
chromosomes) Each pair has
two chromosomes, one that we
inherit from our dad and one
from our mom.
On each chromosome, there are
two "halves" called chromatids.
The two chromatids of a chromosome are called sister chromatids.In the
chromosomes one chromatid is the original that we inherited from one parent, and
the other is an exact copy that our body made.
The two chromosomes in a pair have the same information, but they can have small
differences. For example, they both have information about eye color, but one may
say "brown" and the other "blue."
Leonor Redondo de Sande
The genetic information contains all the information necessary to produce a living
thing. It is stored in the nucleus of the cells, in the nucleic acid, normally in the
DNA because it is more stable than RNA.(Thera are some exceptions because there
exist bacterias and viruses which store its genetic information in the ARN)
¿HOW IT IS STORED?
Our DNA is huge. In our body this molecule is found in the form of chromosomes.
The chromosomes are formed like this:
1. The DNA in humans is wrapped around proteins called HISTONES.
2. These histones are joined forming NUCLEOSOMES and the DNA
continues to wrap around them.
3. The nucleosomes get bond forming COILS.
4. The coils then get bond forming SUPERCOILS.
5. Finally these supercoils form the CHROMOSOMES.
PARTS OF A CHROMOSOME:
Telomere: they are the chromosome tips.
→ They are repeats(They don’t store
information they have a structural function)
→They act as a sort of biological clock.
(The shorter the length of our
chromosomes, the older we are.)
→Are whitted down at each mitosis(the procession of cell division).
, [Each time that the mitosis occurs they become shorter. As we grow older, the
telomere of our chromosomes become shorter and therefore our cells function
worse. (This is what we call cellular aging)]
Centromere: it is in the middle of the chromosome
→They are highly condensed, they have a lot of supercoils.
→Are repeats.
→Is the region where spindle fibers (a type of proteins) attach, to pull
chromatids apart during mitosis.
HOMOLOGOUS PAIR.
Humans have 23 pairs of
homologous chromosomes.(46
chromosomes) Each pair has
two chromosomes, one that we
inherit from our dad and one
from our mom.
On each chromosome, there are
two "halves" called chromatids.
The two chromatids of a chromosome are called sister chromatids.In the
chromosomes one chromatid is the original that we inherited from one parent, and
the other is an exact copy that our body made.
The two chromosomes in a pair have the same information, but they can have small
differences. For example, they both have information about eye color, but one may
say "brown" and the other "blue."
