Midterm Exam: NR507 / NR 507 (Latest
) Advanced Pathophysiology
| Questions & Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A - Chamberlain
_____________________________________________________________________________________
what are the 3 aspects of pulmonary ventilation must be considered to understand pathophysiology
of restrictive lung disease
-compliance
-lung volumes and capacity
-work of breathing
what are components of compliance in restrictive lung disease
what are components of lung volume and capacity in restrictive lung disease
what are components of work of breathing in restrictive lung disease
what are the 6 classic signs of restrictive lung disease
-Tachypnea-inspiratory muscles work hard to overcome decreased pulmonary compliance
-Hypoxemia-low O2 saturation-mismatch of ventilation-perfusion-caused by collagenous framework of
lung, scarring of capillary channels, distortion of small airways, compression of tissue from tumors.
-Decreased breath sounds with dry inspiratory crackles (heard a lung base)
-Decreased lung volume and capacity-as seen with pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
-Decreased diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide-consequence of increased interstitial space
due to scar tissue, fibrosis of capillaries
-Cor pulmonale-right sided heart failure caused by fibrosis, hypoxemia and compression of pulmonary
capillaries, leading to pulmonary hypertension, increased right ventricle work, decreased chest wall
expansion, cyanosis, clubbing of nails
what are 3 symptoms of restrictive lung disease
-Dyspnea-shortness of breath
-Dry, non-productive cough
-Emaciated appearance-due to increased work of breathing
what are basic treatments for restrictive lung disease
, -if causes are permanent (SCI, progressive diseases)-supportive measures (O2, antibiotics)
-If causes are acute/reversable-specific corrective interventions (chest tube, vent)
what is atelectasis
Incomplete expansion of alveoli, lung parenchyma is collapsed and non-aerated
what is PT treatment for atelectasis
-deep breathing techniques
-mobility out of bed
what are the 5 subtypes of atelectasis
-resorptive/obstructive
-passive loss of lung volume
-adhesive
-compressive
-cicatrization
what is resorptive/obstructive atelectasis
IE-tumor, foreign body, mucus plug
what is passive loss of lung volume atelectasis
caused by pneumothorax or diaphragmatic dysfunction-caused by anesthesia, lack of deep breathing,
bed rest, sedatives
what is adhesive atelectasis
surfactant deficiency causing alveoli to collapse, walls stick together, hard to aerate-see with smoke
inhalation, ARDS, PE, cardiac bypass, pneumonia
what is compressive atelectasis
-lung tissue compressed by space occupying lesion, squeezing air out of alveoli-pleural effusion (fluid
collection in pleural space between lung and chest wall), pleural tumor, empyema (pus collection in
pleural space between lung and chest wall)
what is cicatrization atelectasis
volume loss caused by decreased pulmonary compliance-fibrosis
what are infectious causes of restrictive lung disease
Pneumonia -inflammatory process of lung parenchyma beginning with infection in lower respiratory
tract due to bacteria, virus, fungi or mycoplasms
what are the 4 subtypes of infectious causes of RLD
-Community acquired (CAP)-acute and chronic, typically from contact in community
-Hospital acquired(HAP)-usually following NG tube placement, intubation, dysphagia, tracheostomy,
) Advanced Pathophysiology
| Questions & Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A - Chamberlain
_____________________________________________________________________________________
what are the 3 aspects of pulmonary ventilation must be considered to understand pathophysiology
of restrictive lung disease
-compliance
-lung volumes and capacity
-work of breathing
what are components of compliance in restrictive lung disease
what are components of lung volume and capacity in restrictive lung disease
what are components of work of breathing in restrictive lung disease
what are the 6 classic signs of restrictive lung disease
-Tachypnea-inspiratory muscles work hard to overcome decreased pulmonary compliance
-Hypoxemia-low O2 saturation-mismatch of ventilation-perfusion-caused by collagenous framework of
lung, scarring of capillary channels, distortion of small airways, compression of tissue from tumors.
-Decreased breath sounds with dry inspiratory crackles (heard a lung base)
-Decreased lung volume and capacity-as seen with pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
-Decreased diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide-consequence of increased interstitial space
due to scar tissue, fibrosis of capillaries
-Cor pulmonale-right sided heart failure caused by fibrosis, hypoxemia and compression of pulmonary
capillaries, leading to pulmonary hypertension, increased right ventricle work, decreased chest wall
expansion, cyanosis, clubbing of nails
what are 3 symptoms of restrictive lung disease
-Dyspnea-shortness of breath
-Dry, non-productive cough
-Emaciated appearance-due to increased work of breathing
what are basic treatments for restrictive lung disease
, -if causes are permanent (SCI, progressive diseases)-supportive measures (O2, antibiotics)
-If causes are acute/reversable-specific corrective interventions (chest tube, vent)
what is atelectasis
Incomplete expansion of alveoli, lung parenchyma is collapsed and non-aerated
what is PT treatment for atelectasis
-deep breathing techniques
-mobility out of bed
what are the 5 subtypes of atelectasis
-resorptive/obstructive
-passive loss of lung volume
-adhesive
-compressive
-cicatrization
what is resorptive/obstructive atelectasis
IE-tumor, foreign body, mucus plug
what is passive loss of lung volume atelectasis
caused by pneumothorax or diaphragmatic dysfunction-caused by anesthesia, lack of deep breathing,
bed rest, sedatives
what is adhesive atelectasis
surfactant deficiency causing alveoli to collapse, walls stick together, hard to aerate-see with smoke
inhalation, ARDS, PE, cardiac bypass, pneumonia
what is compressive atelectasis
-lung tissue compressed by space occupying lesion, squeezing air out of alveoli-pleural effusion (fluid
collection in pleural space between lung and chest wall), pleural tumor, empyema (pus collection in
pleural space between lung and chest wall)
what is cicatrization atelectasis
volume loss caused by decreased pulmonary compliance-fibrosis
what are infectious causes of restrictive lung disease
Pneumonia -inflammatory process of lung parenchyma beginning with infection in lower respiratory
tract due to bacteria, virus, fungi or mycoplasms
what are the 4 subtypes of infectious causes of RLD
-Community acquired (CAP)-acute and chronic, typically from contact in community
-Hospital acquired(HAP)-usually following NG tube placement, intubation, dysphagia, tracheostomy,
