McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
McCance & Huether — Pathophysiology, 9th Ed. — Chapter 1:
Cellular Biology.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes —
Cellular Biology
Stem: A nursing student is asked why human cells require
membrane-bound organelles while bacterial cells do not. Which
explanation best accounts for this difference?
A. Eukaryotic cells are larger and compartmentalize functions in
organelles to increase efficiency.
B. Prokaryotes lack DNA and therefore do not need organelles.
C. Eukaryotic cells cannot synthesize proteins in the cytosol.
D. Prokaryotes have a nuclear membrane that performs all
compartmental functions.
Correct Answer: A
,Rationales:
• Correct (A): Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and
compartmentalize biochemical processes into membrane-
bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria, ER), increasing
efficiency and regulation of metabolic pathways.
• Incorrect (B): Prokaryotes do contain DNA (in a nucleoid);
lack of organelles is not due to absence of DNA.
• Incorrect (C): Eukaryotes do synthesize proteins in the
cytosol (and on rough ER); they also use organelles for
specialized processing.
• Incorrect (D): Prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane; they
do not have membrane-bound nuclei performing
compartmental functions.
Teaching Point: Eukaryotic compartmentalization enables
complex regulation and metabolic specialization.
2.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Cellular Functions — Cellular
Biology
Stem: A patient’s cells are failing to maintain normal
intracellular proteins despite adequate nutrition. Which cellular
function is primarily responsible for uptake and use of nutrients
required for protein synthesis?
A. Metabolic absorption
,B. Conductivity
C. Secretion
D. Motility
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): Metabolic absorption refers to cells taking in
and using nutrients and substances from their
surroundings for metabolism and biosynthesis, including
protein production.
• Incorrect (B): Conductivity refers to the ability to transmit
electrical impulses (e.g., neurons, muscle), not nutrient
uptake.
• Incorrect (C): Secretion is release of substances from cells,
not uptake for synthesis.
• Incorrect (D): Motility concerns movement of cells or cell
components and is not the primary process for nutrient
uptake.
Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption is essential for supplying
building blocks for protein synthesis.
3.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Structure and Function of
Cellular Components — Mitochondria
Stem: A patient with mitochondrial myopathy shows decreased
, ATP production. Which mitochondrial structure/function defect
most directly explains reduced oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane where
electron transport chain complexes reside.
B. Loss of ribosomes in the mitochondrial matrix.
C. Thickening of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
D. Increased mitochondrial matrix calcium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): The inner mitochondrial membrane houses
electron transport chain complexes and ATP synthase;
damage there impairs oxidative phosphorylation and ATP
production.
• Incorrect (B): Mitochondrial ribosomes affect some
mitochondrial-encoded proteins, but the immediate
limiting factor for oxidative phosphorylation is membrane-
associated complexes.
• Incorrect (C): Outer membrane thickening is not a primary
cause of impaired electron transport; inner membrane
integrity is critical.
• Incorrect (D): Increased matrix calcium can affect function
but does not directly explain loss of the electron transport
complexes on the inner membrane.
Teaching Point: Inner mitochondrial membrane integrity is
essential for ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation.
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
McCance & Huether — Pathophysiology, 9th Ed. — Chapter 1:
Cellular Biology.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes —
Cellular Biology
Stem: A nursing student is asked why human cells require
membrane-bound organelles while bacterial cells do not. Which
explanation best accounts for this difference?
A. Eukaryotic cells are larger and compartmentalize functions in
organelles to increase efficiency.
B. Prokaryotes lack DNA and therefore do not need organelles.
C. Eukaryotic cells cannot synthesize proteins in the cytosol.
D. Prokaryotes have a nuclear membrane that performs all
compartmental functions.
Correct Answer: A
,Rationales:
• Correct (A): Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and
compartmentalize biochemical processes into membrane-
bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria, ER), increasing
efficiency and regulation of metabolic pathways.
• Incorrect (B): Prokaryotes do contain DNA (in a nucleoid);
lack of organelles is not due to absence of DNA.
• Incorrect (C): Eukaryotes do synthesize proteins in the
cytosol (and on rough ER); they also use organelles for
specialized processing.
• Incorrect (D): Prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane; they
do not have membrane-bound nuclei performing
compartmental functions.
Teaching Point: Eukaryotic compartmentalization enables
complex regulation and metabolic specialization.
2.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Cellular Functions — Cellular
Biology
Stem: A patient’s cells are failing to maintain normal
intracellular proteins despite adequate nutrition. Which cellular
function is primarily responsible for uptake and use of nutrients
required for protein synthesis?
A. Metabolic absorption
,B. Conductivity
C. Secretion
D. Motility
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): Metabolic absorption refers to cells taking in
and using nutrients and substances from their
surroundings for metabolism and biosynthesis, including
protein production.
• Incorrect (B): Conductivity refers to the ability to transmit
electrical impulses (e.g., neurons, muscle), not nutrient
uptake.
• Incorrect (C): Secretion is release of substances from cells,
not uptake for synthesis.
• Incorrect (D): Motility concerns movement of cells or cell
components and is not the primary process for nutrient
uptake.
Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption is essential for supplying
building blocks for protein synthesis.
3.
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1 — Structure and Function of
Cellular Components — Mitochondria
Stem: A patient with mitochondrial myopathy shows decreased
, ATP production. Which mitochondrial structure/function defect
most directly explains reduced oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane where
electron transport chain complexes reside.
B. Loss of ribosomes in the mitochondrial matrix.
C. Thickening of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
D. Increased mitochondrial matrix calcium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): The inner mitochondrial membrane houses
electron transport chain complexes and ATP synthase;
damage there impairs oxidative phosphorylation and ATP
production.
• Incorrect (B): Mitochondrial ribosomes affect some
mitochondrial-encoded proteins, but the immediate
limiting factor for oxidative phosphorylation is membrane-
associated complexes.
• Incorrect (C): Outer membrane thickening is not a primary
cause of impaired electron transport; inner membrane
integrity is critical.
• Incorrect (D): Increased matrix calcium can affect function
but does not directly explain loss of the electron transport
complexes on the inner membrane.
Teaching Point: Inner mitochondrial membrane integrity is
essential for ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation.
