NCCAOM Biomed- ALL / Study Guide – Expert Verified Actual
Questions & Answers for Guaranteed Pass | Newest Update
What does elevated ALT indicate? - correct answer Viral hepatitis, hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis,
mono
What does elevated AST indicate? - correct answer Heart attack, strenuous exercise, mono,
trauma
What does ALT=or>AST indicate? - correct answer Viral hepatitis, mono, acute hepatotoxicity
What does 2:1 AST:ALT indicate? - correct answer Alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, passive
congestion, bile duct obstruction
What does an increase in bilirubin indicate? - correct answer Blocked bile ducts, liver disease,
hemolysis, GB disease (possibly cancer)
What does a decrease in serum albumin indicate? - correct answer Liver or kidney disease,
malabsorption syndromes
What does an increase in serum albumin indicate? - correct answer Dehydration
What does an increase in GGT indicate? - correct answer Liver disease, alcoholism
What does high level of alkaline phosphatase without GGT indicate? - correct answer Bone
disease
What is prothrombin time used to measure? - correct answer Clotting factor changes in regards
to drugs or liver disease
What is the normal body temperature for an adult? - correct answer 98.6 degrees F
What is the normal body temperature for an infant? - correct answer 98.2 degrees F
What are the pathological causes of increased body temperature? - correct answer Infection,
increased blood sugar
What are the pathological causes of decreased body temperature? - correct answer Decreased
H&H, decreased blood sugar
(Narcotics)
What is the range for normal heart rate? - correct answer 60-100 BPM
What is the value for bradycardia? - correct answer <59BPM
What is the value for tachycardia? - correct answer 101+ BPM
What are the pathological causes of tachycardia? - correct answer Decreased K+ (potassium)
,What are the important causes of bradycardia? - correct answer Beta blockers, acute MI
What is the normal respiratory rate? - correct answer 10-20 breaths per minute
What is tachypnea? - correct answer 20+ breaths per minute
What is bradypnea? - correct answer 16- breaths per minute
What are the pathological causes of increased respiratory rate? - correct answer Decrease
H&H, increase blood sugar, asthma
What is the normal systolic blood pressure? - correct answer <130
What is the normal diastolic blood pressure? - correct answer >85
What are the pathological causes of decreased blood pressure? - correct answer Decreased
H&H, narcotics
What are X-Rays used for? - correct answer Detection of pathology of skeletal system, also soft
tissue
What are ultra sounds used for? - correct answer Visualize muscles, tendons, organs- damage
and stones
What Is a CT scan used for? - correct answer Generates a three dimensional image of body;
used to see internal bleeding
What is an MRI used for? - correct answer Images pathological or other physiological
alterations of living tissue
Brain, tumor, damage
What is the normal range for RBCs? - correct answer Men:5-6 million/microliter
Women: 3.6-5.6 million/microliter
What pathologies might increase RBC's? - correct answer Polycythemia vera, renal disease, CV
disease, pulmonary disease
What pathologies might decrease RBCs? - correct answer Anemia, Hodgkins, sickle cell
What is the normal range for HCT? - correct answer Men: 35-55
Women: 45
What pathologies might increase H&H? - correct answer Shock, dehydration, COPD, CHF,
polycythemia
What pathologies might decrease H&H? - correct answer Anemia, leukemia, hyperthyroidism,
cirrhosis
,What is the normal range for WBCs? - correct answer 5,000-10,000
What pathologies might increase WBCs? - correct answer Acute infection, neoplasm, leukemia
What pathologies might decrease WBCs? - correct answer Bone marrow dx, immunity dx,
metastasis, AIDS, chemo
What pathologies might increase ESR? - correct answer KD pathology, RA, lupus, thyroid dx,
inflammation
What pathologies might decrease ESR? - correct answer Sickle cell, polycythemia
What pathologies might increase iron? - correct answer Acute hepatitis, nephrosis
What pathologies might decrease iron? - correct answer Anemia, lupus, RA, hypothyroidism
3rd trimester pregnancy
What pathologies might increase BUN? - correct answer KD pathology, GI bleed, HT failure,
steroid use
What pathologies might decrease BUN? - correct answer Pregnancy, malnutrition, LV pathology
What is the normal level for createnine? - correct answer 0.6-1.2 mg/dl
What pathologies might increase createnine? - correct answer KD pathology, hyperthyroidism
What might decrease createnine? - correct answer Loss of muscle mass, aging
What pathologies might increase uric acid? - correct answer Gout->KD stones, arthritis
What pathologies might decrease uric acid? - correct answer KD disease, toxemia,
hypothyroidism, alcohol
What pathologies might increase CPK? - correct answer MI, skeletal muscle disease
What pathologies might increase LDH? - correct answer MI, pulmonary infarction, anemia,
leukemia
What pathologies might decrease LDH? - correct answer Malnutrition
What are the normal values for HCT? - correct answer Males: 40-55
Females: 36-46
What are the normal values for HgB? - correct answer Males: 13-18
Females: 12-16
What are the LV enzymes? - correct answer GGT, AST, SGOT, ALT, SGPT
, What pathologies might increase LV enzymes? - correct answer LV pathology, cardiac mm
damage, muscle injury, MD, neoplasm
What pathologies might decrease LV enzymes? - correct answer Malnutrition, Vit B def,
pregnancy, hypothalamism, hypothyroidism
What pathologies might increase alkaline phosphatase? - correct answer Growing children,
pregnancy, gallstones
What pathologies might decrease alkaline phosphatase? - correct answer Genetics,
hypoadrenia, malnutrition
What pathologies might increase LDL? - correct answer Atherosclerosis
What pathologies might decrease LDL? - correct answer Hemorrhagic stroke
What pathologies might increase HDL? - correct answer Insulin, estrogen
What pathologies might decrease HDL? - correct answer Hypothyroidism, DM, LV disease
What pathologies might increase T4? - correct answer Hyperthyroidism
What pathologies might decrease T4? - correct answer Hypothyroidism
What pathologies might increase MCH? - correct answer Macrocytic anemia
What pathologies might decrease MCH? - correct answer Microcytic anemia
What pathologies might increase MCHC? - correct answer Spherocytosis
What pathologies might decrease MCHC? - correct answer Iron deficiency anemia
What are the causes of decreased Na+? - correct answer Vomiting/diarrhea
Ketoacidosis, diuretic use, CHF, KD disease
What are the symptoms of decreased Na+? - correct answer HA, confusion, weakness, lethargy,
N/V/D
What are the causes of increased Na+? - correct answer Excessive sweating, hypothalamic dx,
diabetes, hyperadrenalism
What are the symptoms of increased Na+? - correct answer Thirst, oliguria, dry flushed skin,
CNS agitation, decreased DTRs and BP, tachycardia, weak thready pulse
What are the causes of decreased K+? - correct answer Vomiting, diarrhea, corticosteriod use,
diuretic use
What are the symptoms of decreased K+? - correct answer Muscle cramps and weakness, SOB
thirst, polyuria, arrhythmia, vomiting
Questions & Answers for Guaranteed Pass | Newest Update
What does elevated ALT indicate? - correct answer Viral hepatitis, hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis,
mono
What does elevated AST indicate? - correct answer Heart attack, strenuous exercise, mono,
trauma
What does ALT=or>AST indicate? - correct answer Viral hepatitis, mono, acute hepatotoxicity
What does 2:1 AST:ALT indicate? - correct answer Alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, passive
congestion, bile duct obstruction
What does an increase in bilirubin indicate? - correct answer Blocked bile ducts, liver disease,
hemolysis, GB disease (possibly cancer)
What does a decrease in serum albumin indicate? - correct answer Liver or kidney disease,
malabsorption syndromes
What does an increase in serum albumin indicate? - correct answer Dehydration
What does an increase in GGT indicate? - correct answer Liver disease, alcoholism
What does high level of alkaline phosphatase without GGT indicate? - correct answer Bone
disease
What is prothrombin time used to measure? - correct answer Clotting factor changes in regards
to drugs or liver disease
What is the normal body temperature for an adult? - correct answer 98.6 degrees F
What is the normal body temperature for an infant? - correct answer 98.2 degrees F
What are the pathological causes of increased body temperature? - correct answer Infection,
increased blood sugar
What are the pathological causes of decreased body temperature? - correct answer Decreased
H&H, decreased blood sugar
(Narcotics)
What is the range for normal heart rate? - correct answer 60-100 BPM
What is the value for bradycardia? - correct answer <59BPM
What is the value for tachycardia? - correct answer 101+ BPM
What are the pathological causes of tachycardia? - correct answer Decreased K+ (potassium)
,What are the important causes of bradycardia? - correct answer Beta blockers, acute MI
What is the normal respiratory rate? - correct answer 10-20 breaths per minute
What is tachypnea? - correct answer 20+ breaths per minute
What is bradypnea? - correct answer 16- breaths per minute
What are the pathological causes of increased respiratory rate? - correct answer Decrease
H&H, increase blood sugar, asthma
What is the normal systolic blood pressure? - correct answer <130
What is the normal diastolic blood pressure? - correct answer >85
What are the pathological causes of decreased blood pressure? - correct answer Decreased
H&H, narcotics
What are X-Rays used for? - correct answer Detection of pathology of skeletal system, also soft
tissue
What are ultra sounds used for? - correct answer Visualize muscles, tendons, organs- damage
and stones
What Is a CT scan used for? - correct answer Generates a three dimensional image of body;
used to see internal bleeding
What is an MRI used for? - correct answer Images pathological or other physiological
alterations of living tissue
Brain, tumor, damage
What is the normal range for RBCs? - correct answer Men:5-6 million/microliter
Women: 3.6-5.6 million/microliter
What pathologies might increase RBC's? - correct answer Polycythemia vera, renal disease, CV
disease, pulmonary disease
What pathologies might decrease RBCs? - correct answer Anemia, Hodgkins, sickle cell
What is the normal range for HCT? - correct answer Men: 35-55
Women: 45
What pathologies might increase H&H? - correct answer Shock, dehydration, COPD, CHF,
polycythemia
What pathologies might decrease H&H? - correct answer Anemia, leukemia, hyperthyroidism,
cirrhosis
,What is the normal range for WBCs? - correct answer 5,000-10,000
What pathologies might increase WBCs? - correct answer Acute infection, neoplasm, leukemia
What pathologies might decrease WBCs? - correct answer Bone marrow dx, immunity dx,
metastasis, AIDS, chemo
What pathologies might increase ESR? - correct answer KD pathology, RA, lupus, thyroid dx,
inflammation
What pathologies might decrease ESR? - correct answer Sickle cell, polycythemia
What pathologies might increase iron? - correct answer Acute hepatitis, nephrosis
What pathologies might decrease iron? - correct answer Anemia, lupus, RA, hypothyroidism
3rd trimester pregnancy
What pathologies might increase BUN? - correct answer KD pathology, GI bleed, HT failure,
steroid use
What pathologies might decrease BUN? - correct answer Pregnancy, malnutrition, LV pathology
What is the normal level for createnine? - correct answer 0.6-1.2 mg/dl
What pathologies might increase createnine? - correct answer KD pathology, hyperthyroidism
What might decrease createnine? - correct answer Loss of muscle mass, aging
What pathologies might increase uric acid? - correct answer Gout->KD stones, arthritis
What pathologies might decrease uric acid? - correct answer KD disease, toxemia,
hypothyroidism, alcohol
What pathologies might increase CPK? - correct answer MI, skeletal muscle disease
What pathologies might increase LDH? - correct answer MI, pulmonary infarction, anemia,
leukemia
What pathologies might decrease LDH? - correct answer Malnutrition
What are the normal values for HCT? - correct answer Males: 40-55
Females: 36-46
What are the normal values for HgB? - correct answer Males: 13-18
Females: 12-16
What are the LV enzymes? - correct answer GGT, AST, SGOT, ALT, SGPT
, What pathologies might increase LV enzymes? - correct answer LV pathology, cardiac mm
damage, muscle injury, MD, neoplasm
What pathologies might decrease LV enzymes? - correct answer Malnutrition, Vit B def,
pregnancy, hypothalamism, hypothyroidism
What pathologies might increase alkaline phosphatase? - correct answer Growing children,
pregnancy, gallstones
What pathologies might decrease alkaline phosphatase? - correct answer Genetics,
hypoadrenia, malnutrition
What pathologies might increase LDL? - correct answer Atherosclerosis
What pathologies might decrease LDL? - correct answer Hemorrhagic stroke
What pathologies might increase HDL? - correct answer Insulin, estrogen
What pathologies might decrease HDL? - correct answer Hypothyroidism, DM, LV disease
What pathologies might increase T4? - correct answer Hyperthyroidism
What pathologies might decrease T4? - correct answer Hypothyroidism
What pathologies might increase MCH? - correct answer Macrocytic anemia
What pathologies might decrease MCH? - correct answer Microcytic anemia
What pathologies might increase MCHC? - correct answer Spherocytosis
What pathologies might decrease MCHC? - correct answer Iron deficiency anemia
What are the causes of decreased Na+? - correct answer Vomiting/diarrhea
Ketoacidosis, diuretic use, CHF, KD disease
What are the symptoms of decreased Na+? - correct answer HA, confusion, weakness, lethargy,
N/V/D
What are the causes of increased Na+? - correct answer Excessive sweating, hypothalamic dx,
diabetes, hyperadrenalism
What are the symptoms of increased Na+? - correct answer Thirst, oliguria, dry flushed skin,
CNS agitation, decreased DTRs and BP, tachycardia, weak thready pulse
What are the causes of decreased K+? - correct answer Vomiting, diarrhea, corticosteriod use,
diuretic use
What are the symptoms of decreased K+? - correct answer Muscle cramps and weakness, SOB
thirst, polyuria, arrhythmia, vomiting
