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LML4801 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2025 – DUE 18 September 2025; 100% correct solutions and explanations.

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LML4801 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2025 – DUE 18 September 2025; 100% correct solutions and explanations. LML4801 Assignment 2, Second semester 2025 Due Date: 18 September 2025 20 marks, max 500 words (about 1 page, excluding the cover page, footnotes and bibliography) This assignment is about Lesson 3 PATENTS, in conjunction with Lesson 1 INTRODUCTION. You will note that the Assignment 2 question relates to the LML4801 specific outcomes (as they relate to patent law) – 1. Identify and investigate the role of patents in current South African law and everyday life. 2. Demonstrate a critical understanding of the history and theoretical framework of, and the most pressing and prevalent issues regarding patent law. 3. Apply the principles of patent law in practical situations to solve multi- dimensional legal problems associated with patents. 4. Conduct research on matters pertaining to patents. (See LML4801 Tutorial Letter 101/3/2025 at 2.2 Outcomes on pp 5 to 6.) Your assignment answer must be typed in Arial font, size 12 with single line spacing within the paragraph, and double line spacing after the paragraph. Your answer for the whole assignment should not exceed 500 words, which is about 1 typed page in the format prescribed above. 500 words is enough for answering this assignment. Plan carefully. Accurate answers and precise references (including page and paragraph numbers) are required. Credit will be given for meaningful references to relevant South African court decisions and scholarly opinion (textbooks and articles). Only refer to foreign and international law if it can add meaningfully to your comprehensive engagement with South African law. Acknowledge your sources in footnotes or in the text itself, and in your bibliography at the end of the assignment. For this assignment, please use the footnotes for referencing only and not for furthering your argument. Suggested style: see Tutorial Letter 301/4/2024 General information and referencing guide for all students in the School of Law. Your footnotes, cover page and bibliography are excluded from the 500-word limit. Do not list any sources in your bibliography that you have not consulted directly. DO NOT CUT AND PASTE ANSWERS FROM THE LESSONS OR ANY OTHER SOURCE. You may not repeat the wording from any source, including the study material, without properly attributing it as a quotation. As no marks (or few marks only) will be given for direct quotations from any source, quotations are an absolute waste of precious space. It is imperative to use your own words to convey your understanding of the work. Unacknowledged copying/plagiarism or any other forms of cheating will lead to a 0 mark and disciplinary action. As the aim of the assignment is to engage with the prescribed study material and formulate your own response to the question, the use of Artificial Intelligence is not allowed. Elena decides to host a nautical theme party for her son’s 8th birthday. She utilizes the art of paper-folding (origami) to fold boats and marine animals as party decorations as well as party boxes. Mia is one of the party guests. She owns an upmarket party supplies business in Cape Town, and is very impressed with the decorations and boxes that Elena folded. Mia instructs her workers to fold hundreds of these party boxes, model boats and sea animals, which are then sold in her shops. Mia’s sister Megan is a chemical engineer who is passionate about the environment. She is upset by the thought of how many trees must die for Mia’s business to keep going. Megan also finds it ironic and disturbing that the sea animal models sold in Mia’s shops contain microplastics that will end up harming such live creatures. Megan then decides to investigate more sustainable paper manufacturing and becomes specifically interested in the use of grass instead of wood. A general challenge in producing paper is that regardless of whether grass or wood, bagasse, straw, bamboo, or some other plant material is used, the cellulose fibers are held together by a natural glue called lignin. Chemical treatments are generally required to free the pulp from the fibers, which process is called delignification. One of the advantages of

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, LML4801 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS)
Semester 2 2025 – DUE 18 September 2025; 100%
correct solutions and explanations.
Introduction
The South African patent system, regulated by the Patents Act 57 of
1978, aims to balance the encouragement of innovation with the
prevention of unjustified monopolies. A valid patent grants its
holder exclusive rights to exploit the invention, but only if the
invention is new, involves an inventive step, and is capable of
application in trade or industry.¹ This assignment assesses whether
Pangolin Products (Pty) Ltd infringes Graham’s patent and
considers possible legal defences available to Pangolin.


Analysis
1. Infringement
Patent infringement occurs when a person, without consent, makes,
uses, disposes of, or imports an invention claimed in a valid patent.²
The determination is made by interpreting the patent’s claims
purposively and comparing them to the allegedly infringing
process.³
Graham’s 2014 patent describes a process of delignification using
additive C. Megan, through Pangolin Products, applied a similar
process she found in a 1990 engineering book but added substance
A (functionally equivalent to C) and substance B (to reduce smell
and pollution). Because additive A performs the same function as
additive C at the same stage of the process, there is a strong case for

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