Preparation
Esters * organic acid + alcohol ,
'
ester + water
"
,
CH
i
'
it reflux
\ H - c - d! it
"
, H -
o
H t.it
H C c c OH , , , + ,
.
General
- .
-
-
-
- -
' ' "
f , , drops or " "
conc Hilda
* family 01 volatile liquids w/ sweet
.
smell
A functional group -
COO -
lab Preparation
>
* Add few
'
cm of acid to few cm 01 alcohol in round bottom flask
Boiling points : * Add few drops of conc Hisouwl anti bumping granules
* low bpt 's → no Hydrogen bonds ☒ lower flask into 80°C water bath + reflux for extended time
* RMMM . : bptstn * When reflux complete , crude ester obtained by distillation
Solubility : Removal of acid impurities:
Alto 0 bonds init -
-
polar * dilute sodium hydrogen carbonate to crude product in separating funnel
☒ no H bonds but 0 atoms in ester linkages * stopper ,
invert + open tap to release pressure
conform H bonds w n in tho and ethanol tallow layers separate , collect upper organic level
A non polar
-
group A.
-
. ester tithable
Nash / Cacti
Drying : in container add impure product + My son / , → until clear ,
filter 0th liquid 1- dish't to collect pure ester at its bpt
2) alkaline hydrolysis
Esterification Reactions * not reversible → tireairiviiuorcarboxuiaiesair
* acyl chloride t alcohol → ester + HCl 1) acidic hydrolysis
i
É É
µ
É A weak eq as prods rxn → ester poor yield 11-134-12 ly NaOH ltbltk
-
'
-
+
É CHIH}
→
-
HO
. . .
[ then ,
watt
-
-
H 1- HCl *
OH o
catalysed by strong acid nucleophile
-
He H tho
-
c , as wean
-
→
-
µ +
-
- - -
:
f, f, ti ti Lprxnis saponification used in
→
making soap
A V. exothermic "° °
- tesrporenaotrxn CH } -
C '
' " 1- HO CHI CHI CH,
alcohol distilled 1- residue acidified w/
1-
-
'
fume cupboard duets pungent HCl fumes * after hydrolysis
-
Hit
-
o CH , (then ,
- - + -
not, , strong
☒ carried out at room temp ester + water F- c. acid alcohol mineral acid liberation
* not reversible → goes to completion
"
CH , C t NaCl
11-1,11-11 C HCl CH ,
-
→
A heated under reflux w/ dilute Hilde / HCl t
-
, na y ,,
Esters * organic acid + alcohol ,
'
ester + water
"
,
CH
i
'
it reflux
\ H - c - d! it
"
, H -
o
H t.it
H C c c OH , , , + ,
.
General
- .
-
-
-
- -
' ' "
f , , drops or " "
conc Hilda
* family 01 volatile liquids w/ sweet
.
smell
A functional group -
COO -
lab Preparation
>
* Add few
'
cm of acid to few cm 01 alcohol in round bottom flask
Boiling points : * Add few drops of conc Hisouwl anti bumping granules
* low bpt 's → no Hydrogen bonds ☒ lower flask into 80°C water bath + reflux for extended time
* RMMM . : bptstn * When reflux complete , crude ester obtained by distillation
Solubility : Removal of acid impurities:
Alto 0 bonds init -
-
polar * dilute sodium hydrogen carbonate to crude product in separating funnel
☒ no H bonds but 0 atoms in ester linkages * stopper ,
invert + open tap to release pressure
conform H bonds w n in tho and ethanol tallow layers separate , collect upper organic level
A non polar
-
group A.
-
. ester tithable
Nash / Cacti
Drying : in container add impure product + My son / , → until clear ,
filter 0th liquid 1- dish't to collect pure ester at its bpt
2) alkaline hydrolysis
Esterification Reactions * not reversible → tireairiviiuorcarboxuiaiesair
* acyl chloride t alcohol → ester + HCl 1) acidic hydrolysis
i
É É
µ
É A weak eq as prods rxn → ester poor yield 11-134-12 ly NaOH ltbltk
-
'
-
+
É CHIH}
→
-
HO
. . .
[ then ,
watt
-
-
H 1- HCl *
OH o
catalysed by strong acid nucleophile
-
He H tho
-
c , as wean
-
→
-
µ +
-
- - -
:
f, f, ti ti Lprxnis saponification used in
→
making soap
A V. exothermic "° °
- tesrporenaotrxn CH } -
C '
' " 1- HO CHI CHI CH,
alcohol distilled 1- residue acidified w/
1-
-
'
fume cupboard duets pungent HCl fumes * after hydrolysis
-
Hit
-
o CH , (then ,
- - + -
not, , strong
☒ carried out at room temp ester + water F- c. acid alcohol mineral acid liberation
* not reversible → goes to completion
"
CH , C t NaCl
11-1,11-11 C HCl CH ,
-
→
A heated under reflux w/ dilute Hilde / HCl t
-
, na y ,,
