Fundamentals of Nursing 9th Edition
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
,DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has fpersonnel, fpolicy, fand fbudgetary fresponsibility ffor fa fspecific fnursing funit for ffacility. fAs fan
f educator, fyou fexplain fconcepts fand ffacts fabout fhealth, fdescribe fthe freason ffor froutine fcare f f
f activities, fdemonstrate fprocedures fsuch fas fself-care factivities, freinforce flearning for fpatient
fbehavior, f and fevaluate fthe fpatient’s fprogress fin flearning. fAs fa fpatient fadvocate, fyou fprotect
fyour fpatient’s f human fand flegal frights fand fprovide fassistance fin fasserting fthese frights fif fthe
fneed farises. fAs fa f caregiver, fyou fhelp fpatients fmaintain fand fregain fhealth, fmanage fdisease
fand fsymptoms, fand fattain f f f a fmaximal flevel ffunction fand findependence fthrough fthe fhealing
fprocess. f
DIF:Apply f(application)REF:4 f
OBJ: fDescribe fthe froles fand fcareer fopportunities ffor fnurses. fTOP: fImplementation
f MSC:Management fof fCare f
6. The fnurse fhas fbeen fworking fin fthe fclinical fsetting ffor fseveral fyears fas fan fadvanced fpractice f
f nurse. fHowever, fthe fnurse fhas fa fstrong fdesire fto fpursue fresearch fand ftheory fdevelopment. fTo
ffulfill f this fdesire, fwhich fprogram fshould fthe fnurse fattend? f
a. Doctor fof fNursing fScience fdegree f(DNSc) f
b. Doctor fof fPhilosophy fdegree f(PhD) f
c. Doctor fof fNursing fPractice fdegree f(DNP) f
d. Doctor fin fthe fScience fof fNursing fdegree f(DSN) f
ANS: fB f
Some fdoctoral fprograms fprepare fnurses ffor fmore frigorous fresearch fand ftheory fdevelopment
fand f award fthe fresearch-oriented fDoctor fof fPhilosophy f(PhD) fin fnursing. fProfessional fdoctoral
fprograms f f in fnursing f(DSN for fDNSc) fprepare fgraduates fto fapply fresearch ffindings fto fclinical
fnursing. fThe fDNP f is fa fpractice fdoctorate fthat fprepares fadvanced fpractice fnurses fsuch fas
fnurse fpractitioners. f
, DIF:Understand f(comprehension)REF:10
OBJ: fDescribe feducational fprograms favailable ffor fprofessional fregistered fnurse f(RN) feducation.
f TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management fof fCare f
7. A fnurse fattends fa fworkshop fon fcurrent fnursing fissues fprovided fby fthe fAmerican
fNurses f Association. fWhich ftype fof feducation fdid fthe f nurse freceive? f
a. Graduate feducation f
b. Inservice feducation f
c. Continuing feducation f
d. Registered fnurse feducation f
ANS: fC f
Continuing feducation finvolves fformal, forganized feducational fprograms foffered fby funiversities,
f hospitals, fstate fnurses fassociations, fprofessional fnursing forganizations, fand feducational fand
fhealth f care finstitutions. fAfter fobtaining fa fbaccalaureate fdegree fin fnursing, fyou fcan fpursue
fgraduate f education fleading fto fa fmaster’s for fdoctoral fdegree fin fany fnumber fof fgraduate ffields,
fincluding f nursing. fInservice feducation fprograms fare finstruction for ftraining fprovided fby fa fhealth
fcare ffacility for f institution. fRegistered fnurse feducation fis fthe feducation fpreparation ffor fan
findividual fintending fto fbe f an fRN. f
DIF:Apply f(application)REF:10 f
OBJ: fDescribe feducational fprograms favailable ffor fprofessional fregistered fnurse f(RN) feducation.
f TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management fof fCare f
8. A fnurse fidentifies fgaps fbetween flocal fand fbest fpractices. fWhich fQuality fand fSafety fEducation
ffor f Nurses f(QSEN) fcompetency fis fthe fnurse fdemonstrating? f
a. Safety f
b. Patient-centered fcare
c. Quality fimprovement f
d. Teamwork fand fcollaboration
ANS: fC f
Quality fimprovement fidentifies fgaps fbetween flocal fand fbest fpractices. fSafety fminimizes frisk fof
fharm f to fpatients fand fproviders fthrough fboth fsystem feffectiveness fand findividual fperformance.
fPatient- f centered fcare frecognizes fthe fpatient for fdesignee fas fthe fsource fof fcontrol fand ffull
fpartner fin f f f providing fcompassionate fand fcoordinated fcare fbased fon frespect ffor fpatient’s
fpreferences, fvalues, f and fneeds. fTeamwork fand fcollaboration fallows feffective ffunctioning
fwithin fnursing fand f
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
,DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has fpersonnel, fpolicy, fand fbudgetary fresponsibility ffor fa fspecific fnursing funit for ffacility. fAs fan
f educator, fyou fexplain fconcepts fand ffacts fabout fhealth, fdescribe fthe freason ffor froutine fcare f f
f activities, fdemonstrate fprocedures fsuch fas fself-care factivities, freinforce flearning for fpatient
fbehavior, f and fevaluate fthe fpatient’s fprogress fin flearning. fAs fa fpatient fadvocate, fyou fprotect
fyour fpatient’s f human fand flegal frights fand fprovide fassistance fin fasserting fthese frights fif fthe
fneed farises. fAs fa f caregiver, fyou fhelp fpatients fmaintain fand fregain fhealth, fmanage fdisease
fand fsymptoms, fand fattain f f f a fmaximal flevel ffunction fand findependence fthrough fthe fhealing
fprocess. f
DIF:Apply f(application)REF:4 f
OBJ: fDescribe fthe froles fand fcareer fopportunities ffor fnurses. fTOP: fImplementation
f MSC:Management fof fCare f
6. The fnurse fhas fbeen fworking fin fthe fclinical fsetting ffor fseveral fyears fas fan fadvanced fpractice f
f nurse. fHowever, fthe fnurse fhas fa fstrong fdesire fto fpursue fresearch fand ftheory fdevelopment. fTo
ffulfill f this fdesire, fwhich fprogram fshould fthe fnurse fattend? f
a. Doctor fof fNursing fScience fdegree f(DNSc) f
b. Doctor fof fPhilosophy fdegree f(PhD) f
c. Doctor fof fNursing fPractice fdegree f(DNP) f
d. Doctor fin fthe fScience fof fNursing fdegree f(DSN) f
ANS: fB f
Some fdoctoral fprograms fprepare fnurses ffor fmore frigorous fresearch fand ftheory fdevelopment
fand f award fthe fresearch-oriented fDoctor fof fPhilosophy f(PhD) fin fnursing. fProfessional fdoctoral
fprograms f f in fnursing f(DSN for fDNSc) fprepare fgraduates fto fapply fresearch ffindings fto fclinical
fnursing. fThe fDNP f is fa fpractice fdoctorate fthat fprepares fadvanced fpractice fnurses fsuch fas
fnurse fpractitioners. f
, DIF:Understand f(comprehension)REF:10
OBJ: fDescribe feducational fprograms favailable ffor fprofessional fregistered fnurse f(RN) feducation.
f TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management fof fCare f
7. A fnurse fattends fa fworkshop fon fcurrent fnursing fissues fprovided fby fthe fAmerican
fNurses f Association. fWhich ftype fof feducation fdid fthe f nurse freceive? f
a. Graduate feducation f
b. Inservice feducation f
c. Continuing feducation f
d. Registered fnurse feducation f
ANS: fC f
Continuing feducation finvolves fformal, forganized feducational fprograms foffered fby funiversities,
f hospitals, fstate fnurses fassociations, fprofessional fnursing forganizations, fand feducational fand
fhealth f care finstitutions. fAfter fobtaining fa fbaccalaureate fdegree fin fnursing, fyou fcan fpursue
fgraduate f education fleading fto fa fmaster’s for fdoctoral fdegree fin fany fnumber fof fgraduate ffields,
fincluding f nursing. fInservice feducation fprograms fare finstruction for ftraining fprovided fby fa fhealth
fcare ffacility for f institution. fRegistered fnurse feducation fis fthe feducation fpreparation ffor fan
findividual fintending fto fbe f an fRN. f
DIF:Apply f(application)REF:10 f
OBJ: fDescribe feducational fprograms favailable ffor fprofessional fregistered fnurse f(RN) feducation.
f TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management fof fCare f
8. A fnurse fidentifies fgaps fbetween flocal fand fbest fpractices. fWhich fQuality fand fSafety fEducation
ffor f Nurses f(QSEN) fcompetency fis fthe fnurse fdemonstrating? f
a. Safety f
b. Patient-centered fcare
c. Quality fimprovement f
d. Teamwork fand fcollaboration
ANS: fC f
Quality fimprovement fidentifies fgaps fbetween flocal fand fbest fpractices. fSafety fminimizes frisk fof
fharm f to fpatients fand fproviders fthrough fboth fsystem feffectiveness fand findividual fperformance.
fPatient- f centered fcare frecognizes fthe fpatient for fdesignee fas fthe fsource fof fcontrol fand ffull
fpartner fin f f f providing fcompassionate fand fcoordinated fcare fbased fon frespect ffor fpatient’s
fpreferences, fvalues, f and fneeds. fTeamwork fand fcollaboration fallows feffective ffunctioning
fwithin fnursing fand f
