Cosmetology Texas State Board Written Exam Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2024/2025 Latest Release

Cosmetology Texas State Board Written Exam Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2024/2025 Latest Release What is the main function of the cuticle in the hair shaft? **Ans** To protect the inner layers of the hair from damage. When should a predisposition (patch) test be performed? **Ans** At least 24-48 hours before a hair coloring service to check for allergic reactions. What is the purpose of using antiseptic on the skin before a service? **Ans** To reduce bacteria and prevent infection. What is the effect of an alkaline solution on the hair? **Ans** It softens and swells the hair shaft, making it easier to absorb chemicals. Why is sanitation crucial in a salon environment? **Ans** To prevent the spread of infections and diseases among clients and staff. What is the ideal pH level of hair and skin? **Ans** Between 4.5 and 5.5. What is the primary function of a neutralizer in a chemical relaxer? **Ans** To restore the hair's pH and harden the disulfide bonds after relaxing. Why is it important to follow manufacturer’s instructions when using chemical products? **Ans** To ensure the safety of the client and the effectiveness of the product. How should you handle a minor cut during a service? **Ans** Stop the service, apply antiseptic, and cover with a bandage. What is the purpose of backcombing or teasing the hair? **Ans** To create volume and lift at the roots. What does the term "effleurage" refer to in massage? **Ans** A light, continuous stroking movement used to relax muscles and stimulate circulation. What is the recommended time frame for disinfecting foot spas? **Ans** After each client and at the end of the day following state regulations. Why is understanding the hair's porosity important during chemical services? **Ans** It helps determine how well the hair can absorb moisture and chemicals. What is the primary purpose of a base coat when applying nail polish? **Ans** To prevent staining and help the polish adhere better to the nail surface. What does an MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) provide? **Ans** Information on the safe handling, use, and disposal of products. Why should a scalp analysis be performed before a chemical service? **Ans** To check for abrasions, irritations, or scalp disorders that could affect the treatment. What is the purpose of a humectant in hair care products? **Ans** To retain moisture in the hair and prevent dryness. What causes the “tinea capitis” condition on the scalp? **Ans** A fungal infection. What type of shampoo should be used after a chemical relaxer? **Ans** A neutralizing shampoo to restore the hair’s natural pH. Why should implements be stored in a clean, closed container after disinfection? **Ans** To keep them sanitary and prevent contamination. When razor cutting it is recommended that the hair be cut? **Ans**Wet When cutting extremely curly hair it is recommended that the hair be cut? **Ans**Dry When cutting kinky hair, it is recommended the hair be cut? **Ans**Dry after straightening Which governmental agency mandates the use of a P.D. Test prior to using aniline derivative tints? **Ans**Food and Drug Administration Clients hair has lightened to a Level 6, what is the exposed underlying pigment color and what is the correct toner shade to achieve a neutral color? **Ans**Orange; Blue When giving a scissor haircut, the guideline is generally? **Ans**Below your fingers The amount of hair on a person's head is referred to as? **Ans**Density Hair with its cuticle in place and tightly closed is said to have? **Ans**Poor Porosity Pediculosis Capitis is? **Ans**Head Lice In the "shears-over-comb" technique, if the comb is held at an angle, the **Ans**Hair will be shorter The red dermal light is used to treat? **Ans**Dry Skin When using a hot iron, curling the hair from the ends towards the scalp is referred to as **Ans**Croquignole curling What type of roller set (wet set) placement would create the most volume? **Ans**On Base In a pin-curl set, the clippies are inserted at the **Ans**Open End The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is known as **Ans**pH The perimeter of the haircut is found at the **Ans**Outer Edge Which of the following lines would be used to add weight/ volume in a haircut? **Ans**Horizontal Which of the following is not a term used when referring to human hair wigs? **Ans**Clubbed The tissue beneath the Free Edge of the nail is known as **Ans**Hyponychium In hair cutting, angles below 90 degrees are used to primarily to **Ans**Build Weight This type of guideline is used when you want to create a gradual increase in weight or length. **Ans**Stationary Another name for Telsa (high frequency) current is? **Ans**Violet Ray When giving a razor haircut, the guideline is generally? **Ans**Above Your Fingers Remy hair is? **Ans**Human hair with the cuticle intact. The type of relaxer is usually advertised as a "No-Lye" and marketed for "Sensitive Scalps" **Ans**Guanidine Most relaxers on the market contain? **Ans**Sodium Eye Tabbing involves? **Ans**The application of individual lashes. When cutting hair using "Double-Notched" thinning shears, what will be the result? **Ans**Removes less hair than with "Single-Notch" shears In hair cutting, the area above the parietal crest is referred to as the? **Ans**Interior A "hand-tied" or "hand-knotted" wig is a? **Ans**Cap Wig Process where the Sodium Hydroxide Relaxer removes one atom of sulphur from the disulphide bond? **Ans**Lantionization The "shear-over-comb" method usually employs this type of comb? **Ans**Barber Comb What is the effect of "Certified Colors" on the hair shaft? **Ans**Coat the cuticle A "weft" will be found in a? **Ans**Capless Wig Turned Hair is? **Ans**Hair with cuticle "turned" in one direction All of the following are true of Guanidine Relaxers except **Ans**Have a lower pH than most thio relaxers. Neutralizers, Stabilizers, and Fixatives all tend to fall where on the pH scale? **Ans**Below 7 Vellus hair can be distinguished from lanugo hair, because **Ans**Vellus hair has little or no pigment. The hair found on a man's face is referred to as **Ans**Barba Machine made wigs are? **Ans**Capless Wigs Can not be thermal styled or wet set. **Ans**Synthetic hair wigs This agency approves and regulates the efficacy of products used for disinfection. **Ans**EPA Client's hair has been lightened to pale yellow, client wants it neutral (no warm or ash tones, use **Ans**Violet Toner The even mixture of blue and yellow makes? **Ans**Green Which of the following pin-curl sets will create the MOST volume? **Ans**No stem Which of the following pin-curl sets will create the LEAST volume? **Ans**Half Stem Which of the following roller-sets will create the MOST volume **Ans**On Base The point where the nail enters the skin at the nail base is referred to as the? **Ans**Eponychium Client's hair has lightened to palest yellow, stylist applies a blue toner. What is the result? **Ans**Green What should be done before each client? **Ans**Sanitize Hands What do use on your client if they are bleeding? **Ans**Powdered allum What kind of shampoo is used on oily hair? **Ans**Balancing When should you clean the neck on the shampoo bowl? **Ans**After each use What do you use to increase the diameter of the hair? **Ans**Protein Conditioner A 180 degree haircut will give you? **Ans**Long Layers All belong to a pin curl except? **Ans**Barrel Either a finger wave or the shape you are looking for when you cold wave is an: **Ans**S-Shape What perm would you use on extreme porous hair? **Ans**True Acid Wave What is the benefit for using a low pH perm? **Ans**Minimal Swelling What should you NOT do while shampooing if a client is getting a chemical service? **Ans**Scratch the scalp Why could your license be suspended? **Ans**You are a threat to public. How do you renew your license? **Ans**Mail in an application. How many hours do you need before working on a client in a secondary education school? **Ans**150 How many hours do you need before working on a client in a public beauty school? **Ans**250 What would you use a double process color on? **Ans**Gray Hair When using a dryer, the tool that would give you a curly look is a? **Ans**Diffuser Which method is best for putting extensions in finer hair? **Ans**Fusion What is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis? ie: chapped lips or hands **Ans**Fissure The main reason a client desires a wig is because they are experiencing? **Ans**Hair loss A three strand, underhand braid on the scalp. **Ans**Corn Rows Hair braided when wet can? **Ans**Cause breakage. To take bulk out of a wig you must? **Ans**Layer it Linens should be cleaned with? **Ans**Bleach Clean floors with? **Ans**Bleach Acetone on acrylic nails will? **Ans**Dissolve the acrylic. White spots on the nail caused by damage to the base of the nail. **Ans**Leukonychia You can still give a manicure to a client that has? **Ans**Blue nails What do you get when you mix two primary colors together? **Ans**Secondary Color Bacilli bacteria can cause? **Ans**Tetanus Pyogenic granuloma is what color? **Ans**Red Another name for an alkaline wave is? **Ans**Cold Wave What side bonds are broken when giving a perm? **Ans**Disulfide Which side bonds are broken during a wet set? **Ans**Hydrogen How many inches away from the scalp do you start applying a virgin hydroxide relaxer? **Ans**Half-inch Which of the following are part of the hair shaft? Medulla or Follicle? **Ans**Medulla Which color process does not make a chemical change in the hair? **Ans**Temporary Powdered lighteners are used? **Ans**Off the scalp A licensed facialist can perform? **Ans**Tweezing Level is the measurement use to identify? **Ans**Darkness Adding darker strands to the hair is called? **Ans**Lowlighting What percent can wet hair with normal elasticity stretch to? **Ans**50% A high pH perm is used for which type of hair? **Ans**Resistant A piggyback perm is used on? **Ans**Long hair What type of comb is used to detangle wet hair? **Ans**Wide Tooth The cortex is where what change takes place? **Ans**Chemical Change The hair should be ___ when you use a razor? **Ans**Wet The outer layer of the skin **Ans**Epidermis Which bacteria is harmless? **Ans**Nonpathogenic How are spores killed? **Ans**Sterilization Ringworm of the foot. **Ans**Tinea Pedis A ringworm of the nail. **Ans**Tinea Ungium A sebaceous cyst or fatty tumor. **Ans**Steatoma At what age do you have to be to get a license? **Ans**17 To change your salon address who do you notify? **Ans**TDLR To practice cosmetology without a license is a what? **Ans**Felony Where does your license need to be displayed at? **Ans**Workstation TDLR can revoke a salon license and charge ___ if they ___. **Ans**$1000; Do not have sterilized equipment. If a cosmetologist from another state wants to obtain a Texas license, they will have to a pay fee and show proof ___. **Ans**They are licensed in a state that has the same requirements as Texas. What is the first step for gel nails with a UV light? **Ans**Clean nails What is the first step for nails with tips? **Ans**Buff nails What does a client have if they have white spots on their nails? **Ans**Leukonchyia What is a sign of an advance stage nail infected with bacteria? **Ans**Nail is black in color. What do you ask the client if they have athletes foot? **Ans**To see a doctor. What is a squoval nail shape? **Ans**Square center and oval edges. What is used to remove callus? **Ans**Foot file What kind of foot file should you never use? **Ans**Razor What should you throw away after a nail service? **Ans**Emery boards What do you do with all dust and debris and hair on the floor? **Ans**Cleaned and swept after each client. What disinfectant is acceptable in a salon? **Ans**Sodium Hypochlorite What do you disinfect salon equipment and countertops with? **Ans**Quats Implements that are solid but did not come into contact with blood or bodily fluids must be what? **Ans**Clean with soap and water then disinfected. Metal or non-porous implements that come into contact with blood or bodily fluid must be what? **Ans**Cleaned then sterilized in an autoclave. Porous implements that come into contact with blood or bodily fluids must be what? **Ans**Double bagged and discarded in a bio hazard container. What is the maximum stretch of normal dry hair? **Ans**5% Traveling guideline creates a what? **Ans**Uniform layer haircut What is a diffuser? **Ans**Attachment for a blow dryer. High frequency telsa electrical current machine can not be used if the ___? **Ans**Client has lotion on face that contains alcohols. In a wet set what bonds are broken? **Ans**Hydrogen Bonds Where do you the chemical changes occur? **Ans**Cortex Layer What should you apply to hair if hair is chemically damaged? **Ans**Cream Conditioner What does OSHA stand for and what is it? **Ans**Occupational Safety and Health Administration: A federal agency that regulates and investigates safety and health standards in work locations. Set of Guidelines and controls. Published by the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and specified human bodily f luids are infections for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens **Ans**Universal Precautions EPA **Ans**Enviornmental Protection Agency: gives licenses to certain disinfectants. Two types used in salon; Hospital and Tuberculocidal 3 Steps of Decontamination **Ans**1. Sanitation (lowest) - removing cisible dirt or debris. 2. Disinfection - the process that kills most but not all microorganisms. 3. Sterilization (highest) - complete elimination of all microbial life. Proper Use of Disinfectants **Ans**All implements must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible matter or residue before soaking in disinfectant. Use caution when using a disinfectant so that it does not get on skin. Certain viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi that can cause disease. **Ans**Pathogens Selecting a shampoo according to the condition of the clients hair and scalp. **Ans**Shampooing Help restore and give it body, or to protect against possible breakage. **Ans**Conditioning Involves manipulations performed on the scalp to relax the muscles and stimulates blood circulation and helps relax the client. **Ans**Scalp Massage Verbal communication with a client to determine desired results. **Ans**Client Consultation -Always palm shears/ razor when combing and parting the hair. -Do not cut past the second knuckle when cutting below your fingers -Take big precautions when performing short haircuts or cutting around the ears. Cuts on ears can produce a lot of blood. -When cutting close to the skin, balance shears by placing the tip of the index finger of your left hand on the pivot screw and knuckles of your left hand against the skin. Prevents clients from being accidentally poked with shears if moved. -When working with razor, learn with guard. -Take extra care when removing and disposing of the razor blade. Place in its original sleeve, or wrap it in a a paper towel to prevent others from getting hurt. **Ans**Safety in Haircutting A blot clot formed under the nail. **Ans**Bruised Nails Have a thin nail plate and more flexible than normal. (It is safe to perform services on.) **Ans**Eggshell Nails Depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate. **Ans**Beau's Lines A condition of the skin around the nail plate that splits and tears. Splitting of the cuticle. **Ans**Hangnails (Agnail) White Spots or white discoloration of the nail plate. **Ans**Leukonchyia Darkening of the nails. **Ans**Melanonychia Bitten Nails (Can be worked on in the salon) **Ans**Onchyophagy Split or Brittle nails. Lengthwise ridges on the nail plate **Ans**Onychorrhexis Condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate. (Do Not Treat!) **Ans**Pterygium Vertical lines and uneven growth of the nails. Usually a result of illness, injury, or normal aging. (Careful buffing and ridge filler will help.) **Ans**Ridges Caused by lifting artificial nails. Discoloration is usually a bacteria infection between the nail plate and artificial nail. Not caused by moisture but a number of bacteria. **Ans**Pseudomonas aeruginosa Parasites **Ans**Fungi Any deformity or disease of the natural nail. **Ans**Onychosis Inflammation of the natural nail. **Ans**Onycholysis Common symptom is shedding of the nail. **Ans**Onychomadesis Bacterial inflammation of the tissue surrounding the nail. **Ans**Paronychia Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate. **Ans**Pyogenic granuloma Medical term for fungal infection of the feet. Red itchy patches of the skin on the bottom of the feet and between the toes. **Ans**Tinea Pedis Occupational Safety and Health Administration **Ans**OSHA Material Safety Data Sheets **Ans**MSDS Chemical process for reducing the number of disease causing germs on clean surfaces to a safe level. **Ans**Sanitation Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces. But not the spores. A level of decontamination which is second only to sterilization. **Ans**Disinfection To disinfect tools they must be? **Ans**Completely submerged in disinfectant. Process that completely destroys all microbial spores. **Ans**Sterilization Harmful microorganism. Causes disease and infection. Invades the body. **Ans**Pathogenic Harmless organisms that perform useful functions. Do not cause disease. **Ans**Nonpathogenic When bacteria get big they divide into two new cells. **Ans**Binary fission Round shaped bacteria. **Ans**Cocci Clusters or bunches like grapes. Cause abscesses, pustules, boils, staph, toxic shock syndrome, and food poisoning. **Ans**Staphylococci String, like beads. Strep, blood poisoning, pus forming. **Ans**Streptococci Pair. Pneumonia **Ans**Diplococci Rod shaped. Tetanus (lock jaw) typhoid fever, tuberculosis, diphtheria. **Ans**Bacilla Spiral (corkscrew). Syphilis STD Lyme disease **Ans**Spirilla A local infection such as a ___ or ___ is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus. **Ans**Pimple; Abscess Parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects cells of biological organism. **Ans**Viruses Smaller then bacteria and capable of replication only through taking over the host cells reproduction function. **Ans**Viruses Organisms that grow, feed and shelter on or in another organism. **Ans**Parasites Contagious skin disease and is caused by the itch mite. **Ans**Scabies The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. **Ans**Immunity Partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. **Ans**Natural Immunity Body develops ___ after overcoming a disease through inoculation or exposure to natural allergens like pet dander, ragweed, pollen. **Ans**Acquired Immunity Effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills organisms when used according to the label instructions. **Ans**Efficacy Quaternary ammonium compounds. Very effective when used properly in the salon. **Ans**Quats House hold bleach. Can damage some metals and plastics. Read the label. **Ans**Sodium hypochlorite Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectant forms a formaldehyde. Can also damage rubber and plastic. **Ans**Phenolic Disinfectant A license issued or renewed to an applicant the same time the applicant is issued one of the following license types: operator, manicurist, esthetician, esthetician/manicurist, eyelash extension specialist, hair weaver, hair braider, wig specialist, instructor, or specialty instructor, which allows the holder to lease space on the premises of a beauty shop, specialty shop, mini-salon [or] dual shop, or mini dual shop to engage in the practice of cosmetology as an independent contractor. **Ans**Booth Rental License An area within a cosmetology establishment which contains equipment and facilities available for use by all persons who practice cosmetology on the premises under a license, certificate or permit issued under this chapter or Texas Occupations Code, Chapter 1603. **Ans**Common Area A beauty salon, specialty salon, mini-salon, dual shop, mini dual-shop, mobile shop, or beauty culture school, public or private, which is subject to regulation under the Act. **Ans**Cosmetology Establishment A formal instructional process in which the student and teacher are separated by physical distance and a variety of communication technologies are used to deliver instruction in theory to the student. Courses taught by distance education do not satisfy the requirements of the practical portion of the course curriculum. **Ans**Distance Education A shop owned, operated, or managed by a person holding a dual barber and beauty shop license issued under Texas Occupations Code, Chapter 1603. **Ans**Dual Shop The process of applying and removing a semi-permanent, thread-like, natural or synthetic single fiber to an eyelash, including cleansing of the eye area and lashes prior to applying and after removing extensions. **Ans**Eyelash Extension Application A person who holds a specialty license and who is authorized to practice the service defined in Texas Occupations Code. **Ans**Eyelash Extension Specialist A person who holds a specialty license and who is authorized to practice the services defined in Texas Occupations Code. The term esthetician in this chapter includes the term facialist. **Ans**Esthetician A person who possesses subject matter knowledge in specific curriculum topics and who has the teaching ability necessary to impart the information to cosmetology students. Instruction is limited to the presenter's area of expertise and a licensed instructor must be present during the classroom session in order for students to earn hours. **Ans**Guest Presenter A person who holds a hair braiding specialty certificate and who may perform only the practice of cosmetology. **Ans**Hair Braider A person who holds a hair weaving specialty certificate. **Ans**Hair Weaver An individual authorized by the department to perform or offer instruction in any act or practice of cosmetology. **Ans**Instructor A department-issued permit, certificate, approval, registration, or other similar permission. **Ans**License A process that permits a cosmetology license holder from another jurisdiction or foreign country to obtain a Texas cosmetology license without repeating cosmetology education or examination license requirements. **Ans**License by reciprocity A cosmetology establishment in which a person practices cosmetology under a license, certificate or permit issued under this chapter and which consists of a room or suite of rooms that is one of a number of connected establishments in a single premises that open onto a common hallway or common area. **Ans**Mini Salon A shop owned, operated, or managed by a person meeting the requirements of both a mini-barbershop and mini-beauty shop **Ans**Mini-Dual Shop A person or entity that holds a license for a mini-salon or mini-dual shop. **Ans**Mini-Salon Licensee A beauty salon, specialty salon, or dual shop that is operated in a self-contained, self-supporting, enclosed mobile unit. **Ans**Mobile Shop An individual authorized by the department to perform any act or practice of cosmetology **Ans**Operator A substance used to beautify a person's face, neck or arms or to temporarily remove superfluous hair from a person's body including but not limited to antiseptics, tonics, lotions, powders, oils, clays, creams, sugars, waxes and/or chemicals. **Ans**Preparation A license that allows a person to practice cosmetology in Texas pending the department's approval or denial of that person's application for licensure by reciprocity. **Ans**Provisional License Containing within itself all that is necessary to be able to operate without connecting to outside utilities such as water and electricity. **Ans**Self-Contained A razor that is fitted with a guard close to the cutting edge of the razor that is intended to prevent the razor from cutting too deeply and reduces the risk and incidence of accidental cuts. **Ans**Safety Razor The process of attaching, by any method, commercial hair (hair pieces, hair extensions) to a client's hair and/or scalp. Weaving is also known as hair integration or hair intensification **Ans**Weaving A container with a cover to prevent contamination of the disinfectant solution and of a sufficient size such that the objects to be disinfected may be completely immersed in the disinfectant solution. **Ans**Wet Disinfectant Soaking Container Items constructed of hard materials with smooth surfaces such as metal, glass, or plastic typically for use on more than one client. The term includes but is not limited to such items as clippers, scissors, combs, nippers, tweezers, and some nails files. **Ans**Multi-use items Porous items made or constructed of cloth, wood, or other absorbent materials having rough surfaces usually intended for single use including but not limited to such items as tissues, orange wood sticks, cotton balls, thread, surgical tape, extension pads, some buffer blocks, and gauze. **Ans**Single-use items To eliminate all forms of bacteria or other microorganisms by use of an autoclave or dry heat sterilizer **Ans**Sterile or Sterlizer To reduce the number of microorganisms to a safe level by use of an ultraviolet sanitizer **Ans**Sanitate or Sanitation Fastest way to determine whether a strand of hair synthetic is to: **Ans**Burn it with a match Which of the following is a disadvantage of synthetic hair? **Ans**Synthetic hair cannot be exposed to extreme heat When performing a haircutting procedure on a wig, the goal generally is to make the wig: **Ans**Look realistic When cutting a wig using a free-form method, move from longer to shorter lengths, working: **Ans**Toward the weight Which method of construction is typically the least expensive? **Ans**machine-made When shampooing a wig, it is recommended that you avoid shampoos that have a(n): **Ans**sulfur base Synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to the ___ colors on the haircolor ring used by wig and hairpiece manufactures. **Ans**70 The ___ is a sewing stitch in which the thread is wound around the needle twice. **Ans**double-lock stitch The ___ involves attaching hair wefts or single stands with an adhesive or glue. **Ans**bonding method The fusion method of extensions requires that the boding material be activated with: **Ans**heat Which of these is NOT an advantage of using a hair addition made of human air? **Ans**It never frizzes or loses its curl in humid weather. When using heat on human hair, you should set the styling tool on: **Ans**low Traditionally, brushes made with ___ bristles have been regarded as best for use on human hair. **Ans**natural boar A hair wrap is secured to the client's own hair with: **Ans**hairpins When sewing on an extension using the braid-and-sew attachment method, it is recommended that you do NOT use a ___ needle. **Ans**sharp When bonding, it is recommended that you work ___ away from the hairline to keep the wefts from showing. **Ans**one inch To use a linking method of attachment, the natural hair should be at least how long? **Ans**4 inches A(n) __ is a small wig used to cover the top and crown of the head. **Ans**toupee A ___ is a long strip of hair with a threaded edge. **Ans**weft A(n) ___ is a hairpiece that has openings in the base, through which the client's own hair is pulled to blend with the hair of the hairpiece. **Ans**integration hairpiece The head-shaped form on which a wig is secured for fitting, coloring, and sometimes styling is known as a: **Ans**block A(n) ___ is a hair addition secured to the base of the client's natural hair in order to add length, volume, texture, or color. **Ans**hair extension A ___is made by inserting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them with a needle. **Ans**hand-tied wig Hair that has been shed from the head and fathered from a hairbrush is known as: **Ans**fallen hair A ___ is an artificial covering for the head consisting of a network of interwoven hair. **Ans**wig A wig constructed with an elasticized, mesh-fiber base to which the hair is attached is called a: **Ans**turned hair Which of the following is NOT an advantage of wigs made with synthetic hair? **Ans**They always look natural Indian hair is usually: **Ans**wavy When styling a wig, it is recommended that you: **Ans**use the wind test to gauge how realistic it looks. Type of bacteria that can cause strep throat or blood poisoning? **Ans**streptococci Bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are: **Ans**diplococci Lyme disease and syphilis are caused by spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria called: **Ans**spirilla In 2000 a bacteria called Mycobacterium fortuitum caused a client outbreak due to the failure of the practitioner to follow proper disinfection guidelines for: **Ans**whirlpool foot spas Bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called: **Ans**protoplasm The process whereby bacteria grow, reproduce and divide into new cells is: **Ans**binary fission The presence of pus is a sign of: **Ans**bacterial infection A ___ infection appears as a lesion containing pus and is confined to a particular of the body, **Ans**local The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection is called: **Ans**immunity Disinfectants used in salons must carry a(n) ___ registration number **Ans**Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Which agency publishes the guidelines known as Universal Precautions? **Ans**OSHA Disinfectants with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes are: **Ans**phenolic disinfectants When washing you hands, you apply soap, lather and scrub your hands and under the free edge of nails with a nail brush for at least: **Ans**1 minute Antispetics are effective for: **Ans**killing germs on the hands Universal Precautions require employees to assume that human blood and body fluids are infectious for: **Ans**bloodborne pathogens When disinfecting a whirlpool foot spa after use by a client, you must circulate the disinfectant for ___ or for the time recommended by the manufacture. **Ans**10 minutes You should clean a whirlpool foot spa and leave disinfectant solution in it overnight: **Ans**at least once a week After cleaning and disinfecting a pip-less foot spa at the end of the day, how should you dry it? **Ans**with a clean paper towel Which form of hepatitis is the most difficult to kill on a surface? **Ans**hepatitis B Accelerated hydrogen peroxide, or AHP, is a recently approved form of disinfectant that only needs to be changed every: **Ans**14 days It is important to wear ___ while disinfecting nonelectrical tools and implements **Ans**gloves Licensing, enforcement, and your conduct when you are working in the salon are regulated by ___ agencies. **Ans**state Some ___ disinfectants are harmful to salon tools and equipments. **Ans**tuberculocidal As a cosmetologist, you are ___ to recommend treatments for diseases. **Ans**not allowed Cosmetologist are not allowed to trim or cut living skin: **Ans**any part of the nail Fungual infections are much more common on the ___ than on the hands. **Ans**feet A surface must be properly cleaned before it can be: **Ans**disinfected Sterilization is the most reliable means of: **Ans**infection control If the label on a disinfection product includes the word concentrate, it means that the product must be: **Ans**diluted before use Quat solutions are ___ disinfectants when used properly in the salon **Ans**very effective Using ___ bleach can damage metal and plastic. **Ans**too much Items that are ___ are also considered absorbent. **Ans**porous Fumigants are ___ in salons because they produce potentially harmful formaldehyde gas. **Ans**no longer used Salons should keep a ___ that identifies each time a piece of equipment is used, cleaned disinfected, tested, and maintained. **Ans**logbook There is no additive, powder, or table that eliminates the need for you to ___ equipment such as whirlpool spas. **Ans**clean and disinfect Not having ___ available poses a health risk to anyone exposed to hazardous materials and violates federal and state regulations. **Ans**MSDSs Antimicrobial and anticbacterial soaps are: ___ regular soaps or detergents. **Ans**no more effective than The determination of the nature of a disease from its a symptoms and/or tests is a(n); **Ans**diagnosis The ___ include hand washing, wearing gloves, and properly handling and disposing of items that may have been contaminated by blood or other body fluids. **Ans**Universal Precautions After they have been properly cleaned and disinfected, implements should be stored in a(n) ___ container. **Ans**clean, covered When cleaning and disinfecting a ___, remove the impeller, footplate, and any other removable parts according to the manufacturer's instructions. **Ans**pipe-less foot spa At the end of every day, you should properly clean the nonwhirlpool foot basin or tub and then add the appropriate amount of disinfectant and let it soak for: **Ans**10 minutes Before beginning any service, you should wash your hands using pump, soap, water, and a: **Ans**clean, disinfected nail brush Something caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection is called: **Ans**infectious The one-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics are called: **Ans**bacteria The transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, or talking is known as: **Ans**direct Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with a(n) __, such as a razor or an environmental surface, is indirect transmission. **Ans**intermediate contaminated object Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called: **Ans**toxins A disease that is spread by contact from one person to another is a(n): **Ans**contagious disease The scientific name for plantar warts is: **Ans**human papilloma virus (HPV) Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size is a(n): **Ans**microorganism The removal of potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue is called: **Ans**decontamination A disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body, and which may or may not be spread from one person to another person, is a(n:) **Ans**infectious disease A(n): ___ disease affects the body as a whole, often due to under- or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. **Ans**systematic A(n) ___ is a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection. **Ans**inflammation A parasitic disease caused by: **Ans**parasites A(n) ___ is a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms and is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive function. **Ans**virus The virus that causes AIDS is: **Ans**Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Contact with nonintact skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentiall infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee's duties is a(n): **Ans**exposure incident The scientific name for barber's itch is: **Ans**tinea barbae Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in another organism, while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism, are: **Ans**parasites The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues is called: **Ans**contamination The term ___ describes a ringworm fungus of the foot. **Ans**tinea pedis A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n): **Ans**allergy A(n) ___ is produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. **Ans**pathogenic diseases A(n) ___ is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of functioning normally. **Ans**disease Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment are: **Ans**occupational diseases Never let disinfectants such as phenols and quats come in contact with your: **Ans**skin The basic unit of all living things are is the: **Ans**cell The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is: **Ans**nucleus Human cells reproduce by mitosis, dividing into two identical cells called: **Ans**daughter cells The ___ is the protoplasm of cell except for the protoplasm in the nucleus. **Ans**cytoplasm The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called: **Ans**metabolism The constructive phase of metabolism is called: **Ans**anabolism Which type of tissue lines the heart and the digestive and respiratory organs? **Ans**epithelial tissue The connection between two or more bones is called a: **Ans**joint The ___ is the large of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. **Ans**tibia The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the: **Ans**cranium The maxillae bones form the: **Ans**upper jaw The two bones that form the sides and crown (top) of the cranium are: **Ans**parietal bones The inner and larger bone in the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the: **Ans**ulna The foot is made up of ___ bones. **Ans**26 Which muscles are also known as the smooth muscles? **Ans**nonstriated muscles The part of the muscle that does not move is the: **Ans**origin The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the: **Ans**epicranius The ___ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, fingers to form a straight line. **Ans**extensors The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw the fingers together are the: **Ans**adductors The system of nerves that carries impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is called the: **Ans**peripheral nervous Sensory nerve endings called ___ are located close the surface of the skin. **Ans**receptors The largest artery in the human body is the: **Ans**aorta The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the: **Ans**ulnar and radial arteries The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into separate arteries known as the: **Ans**anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries The __ is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists. **Ans**procerus The mental nerve affects the skin of the: **Ans**lower lip and chin The ___ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face. **Ans**7th The greater occipital nerve is located at the ___ of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head. **Ans**back The median nerve supplies impulses to the: **Ans**arm and hand The deep peroneal nerve is located in the: **Ans**front of the leg Valves are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit blood flow in: **Ans**only one direction Deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the: **Ans**right atrium White blood cells are also known as: **Ans**leukyocytes Blood ___ the body's temperature. **Ans**plays a role in equalizing The ___ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye. **Ans**infraorbital artery The ___ drain(s) the tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid. **Ans**lymphatic system The ___ is a gland of the endocrine system that secrets enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. **Ans**pancreas The ___ glands secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-or_flight response. **Ans**adrenal Digestive ___ are chemicals that can change certain types of food into a soluble form that can be used by the body. **Ans**enzymes The organ that controls the body is the: **Ans**heart The organs that excretes water and waste products are the: **Ans**kidneys The lungs supply ___ to the blood. **Ans**oxygen The ___ is the organ that removes waste. **Ans**liver The ___ covers the body and is the external protective coating. **Ans**skin The ___ are the organs that digest food. **Ans**intestines and stomach The ___ system controls the steady movement of the blood through the body. **Ans**circulatory The ___ system changes food into nutrients and wastes. **Ans**digestive The ___ system affects the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body. **Ans**endocrine The ___ system serves as a protective coating and helps regulate the body's temperature. **Ans**intergumenaty The ___ system protects the body from disease. by developing immunities and destroying disease causing toxins and bacteria. **Ans**lymphatic The ___ system covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue. **Ans**muscular The ___ system controls and coordinates all other systems inside and outside of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently. **Ans**nervous The ___ system controls the processes by which plants and animals produce offspring. **Ans**reproductive The ___ system enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product. **Ans**respiratory The ___ system forms the physical foundation of the body. **Ans**skeletal The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized. **Ans**anatomy Physiology is the study of the functions and activities performed by the: **Ans**body's structures The study of tiny structures found in living tissues is known as histology or: **Ans**microscopic anatomy Neurology is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the: **Ans**nervous system The study of the nature, structure, function and diseases of the muscles is: **Ans**myology Osteology is the study of the anatomy, structures, and function of the: **Ans**bones A(n) ___ is a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails. **Ans**dermatologist Healthy skin is: **Ans**smooth with a fine-grained All of the following are appendages of the skin except: sudoriferious glands, nails, adrenal glands, hair **Ans**adrenal glands Which of the following correctly identifies the layers of skin and fat from the outermost layer to the innermost layer? a. dermis, subcutaneous, epidermis b. subcutaneous, epidermis c. dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous d. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous **Ans**d. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous Cells that are almost dead and pushed to the surface to replace cells are shed from the: **Ans**stratum corneum The layer directly beneath the epidermis is the: **Ans**papillary layer Which type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion? **Ans**subcutaneous tissue Which nerve fibers are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles? **Ans**motor nerve fibers Nerves that regulate the secretion of perspiration and sebum are: **Ans**secretory nerve fibers Basic sensations such as touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure are registered by: **Ans**nerve endings The amount and type of pigment produced by an individual is determined primarily by his or her: **Ans**genes Skin gets its strength, form, and flexibility from: **Ans**collagen and elastin The sudoriferous glands do not: a. help the body regulate temperature b. eliminate waste products c. secrete a lubricating substance d. exist on the palms or soles **Ans**c. secrete a lubricating substance To keep your body healthy, you must be sure that what you eat: **Ans**regulates the function of your cells Which vitamin accelerates the skin's healing processing and is vitally important in fighting the aging process? **Ans**vitamin C The epidermis is the ___ layer of the skin. **Ans**thinnest The scalp has larger and deeper ___ than the skin on the rest of the body. **Ans**hair follicles It is ___ for a cosmetologist to completely remove a client's callus in the salon. **Ans**prohibited One of the best ways to follow a healthy diet is to read: **Ans**food labels Emotional stress and hormone imbalances can increase the flow of: **Ans**sebum To function correctly the body needs: **Ans**carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. The USDA recommends that people eat: **Ans**moderate amounts of salt and sugar Vitamin pills are considered: **Ans**nutritional supplements The appropriate amount of water that a person should drink each day is determined by the person's **Ans**weight Lack of water is the principal cause of **Ans**daytime fatigue Small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of the hair follicles are: **Ans**dermal papillae The layer of the epidermis where the process of skin cell shedding begins is the: **Ans**stratum spinosum The coiled base of the sudoriferous gland is known as the: **Ans**secretory roll A small, round elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus is a: **Ans**pauple Fatty tisses found below the dermis is ___ tissue **Ans**subcutaneous An inflamed pimple containing pus is a: **Ans**pustule The outer layer of the epidermis is the ___ layer. **Ans**papillary The layer of the epidermis that is composed of cells filled with keratin is the: **Ans**stratum granulosum A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair is: **Ans**sebum The layer of the epidermis also known as the basal cell layer is the: **Ans**stratum germinativum Approximately ___ percent of skin aging is caused by the rays of the sun. **Ans**80-80% It is recommended that you wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least ___ on a daily basis. **Ans**15 A ___ is an abnormal rounded solid lump larger than a papule and located above, within, or under the skin. **Ans**tubercule Keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible openings are: **Ans**milia An open comedo is commonly known as a: **Ans**blackhead What is an uncomfortable, and often chronic, disease of the skin, characterized by inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching. **Ans**eczema A ___ is abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape. **Ans**stain The absence of melanin pigment from the body and skin sensitivity to light are signs of: **Ans**albinism What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised? **Ans**malignant melanoma A cosmetologist must not serve a client who is a suffering from an inflamed skin disorder, regardless of whether it is infections, unless the client: **Ans**has a physician's note permitting the client to receive services A skin condition caused by inflammation of the sebaceous glands is: **Ans**seborrheic dermatitis The term ___ refers to an abnormal coloration that accompanies a skin disorder of systemic disorder. **Ans**dyschromia A(n) ___ is a type of keratoma. **Ans**callus Acne is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the ___ gland. **Ans**sebaceous Acne is affected by both genetic and **Ans**hormonal Noncomedogenic products are specifically designed not to clog the: **Ans**follicles People have ___ over the extrinsic factors that affect aging, but not the intrinsic factors. **Ans**considerable control The best defense against pollutants is to: **Ans**follow a good daily skin care routine Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the: **Ans**epidermis A pustule is raised, inflamed pimple containing ___ in the top of the lesion. **Ans**pus A ___ is a large, protruding, pocket-like lesion filled with sebum. **Ans**sebaceous Any flat spot or discoloration on the skin left after a pimple has healed is a: **Ans**macule Foul-smelling perspiration caused by bacteria is: **Ans**bromhidrosis A(n) __ is a slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed. **Ans**scar The contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions is: **Ans**impetigo A ___ is an itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours. **Ans**wheal A(n) ___ is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. **Ans**fissure A small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis is a: **Ans**vesicle The acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin is: **Ans**miliaria rubra A normal, healthy nail: **Ans**is shiny The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits is called the: **Ans**nail bed The ___ is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail. **Ans**lunula The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the: **Ans**free edge A ___ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. **Ans**ligament The ___ is the fold of the skin overlapping the side of the nail. **Ans**sidewall After an injury, infection, or disease, the natural nail will return to its healthy grown as long as the ___ is healthy and undamaged. **Ans**matrix Replacement of the natural fingernail usually takes about: **Ans**4 to 6 months The finger nail on the ___ typically grows slowest. **Ans**thumb The nail has a water content between: **Ans**15 and 25 percent The natural nail is an appendage of the: **Ans**skin The appearance of the nails can reflect the general health of the: **Ans**body The ___ is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through. **Ans**nail plate The matrix contains: **Ans**nerves, lymph, and blood vessels Tissue that adheres directly to the natural nail plate but which can be easily removed with gentle scraping is: **Ans**cuticle Cosmetologist are allowed to ___ the eponychium. **Ans**push back Cuticle moisturizers, softeners, and conditioners are not designed to treat the: **Ans**cuticle Toenails are thicker and harder than fingernails because the ___ of the toenail is longer than that of the f ingernail. **Ans**matrix Unlike healthy hair, healthy nails are not ___ periodically. **Ans**shed It takes about ___ for toenails to be fully replaced. **Ans**nine months to one year. The living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix are is the: **Ans**eponychium The thin layer of tissue between the nail plate and the nail bed is: **Ans**bed epithelium The slightly thickened layer of the skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate is the: **Ans**hyponychium The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate is known as the: **Ans**nail cuticle The ___ is the are where the nail plate cells are formed. **Ans**matrix A normal healthy nail is firm and flexible and should be: **Ans**smooth and unspotted If a client has ridges vertically down the length of the natural nail plate, is recommended that you: **Ans**buff them carefully The medical term for fungal infections associated with the feet is: **Ans**tinea pedis A typical bacterial infection on the nail can be identified in the early stages as a ___ spot that becomes darker in its advanced stages. **Ans**yellow-green The separation and falling off a nail from the nail bed is sign of: **Ans**onychomadesis Which of the following does not cause onychohexis? **Ans**insufficient use of cuticle removers Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail are signs of which condition. **Ans**nail psoriasis The term ___ refers to a condition caused by injury or disease of he nail unit. **Ans**nail disorder. Splinter hemorrhages are caused by physical trauma or injury to the: **Ans**nail bed Nail fungi can be transmitted through ___ instruments. **Ans**contaminated Onychomadesis can affect **Ans**both fingernails and toenails. A cosmetologist can disobey state or federal rules and regulations: **Ans**under no circumstances Which condition is characerized by nails that are noticeably thin, flexible, and white? **Ans**eggshell nails. Which of the following is not a common cause of a surface stains or nails? **Ans**poor blood circulation The condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot, is: **Ans**bruised nails The condition in which the living skin around the nail splits and tear is. **Ans**hangnail The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is: **Ans**oncholysis The term ___ refers to significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails. **Ans**melanonchyia A sharp bend in one corner of the nail plate creating increased curvature is symptomatic of: **Ans**pilcatured nails Depressions running across the width of the nail plate are: **Ans**Beau's lines The scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care is called: **Ans**trichology The two parts of a mature strand of human hair are the: **Ans**hair shaft and hair The tube-like depressions or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the: **Ans**follicle Hair follicles are not found on the: a. forehead b. shaft c. soles of feet d. back of the neck **Ans**c. soles of feet The ___ is a tiny, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle. **Ans**arrrector pili An oily substance secreted from the sebaceous glands is: **Ans**sebum For chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must have: **Ans**an alkaline pH The medulla is composed of ___ cells. **Ans**round The process whereby living cells mature and begin their journey up the hair shaft is: **Ans**keratinization The fine main elements that make up the chemical composition of human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and: **Ans**boron and calcium The chemical bonds that hold together the amino acid molecules are called: **Ans**protein bonds Which type of melanin provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones? **Ans**eumalanin Asians tend to have: **Ans**extremely straight hair To help minimize tangles in extremely curly hair when washing you should use: **Ans**a detangling rinse Hair texture is classified as: **Ans**coarse, medium, or fine The measurement of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 centimeters) of the scalp is: **Ans**hair density Compared to hair with high porosity, chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require: **Ans**more alkaline solutions Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to ___ of its original length. **Ans**50 percent Oily scalp and hair can be treated by properly washing it: **Ans**with normalizing shampoo Which type of hair almost never has a medulla? **Ans**vellus The growth phase during which new hair is produced: **Ans**anagen The average growth of healthy scalp hair is: **Ans**1/2 inch (1.25 cm) A condition of abnormal hair growth on areas of the body is: **Ans**hypertrichosis The technical term to describe gray hair is: **Ans**albino The medical term for dandruff is: **Ans**pityriasis The body can produce 11 of the 20 ___ that make up hair. **Ans**amino acids Salt bonds account for about ___ of the hair's overall strength. **Ans**one-third The anagen phase generally lasts from three to five: **Ans**years Scalp hair grows ___ on women than on men. **Ans**faster The ___ phase signals the end of the growth phase. **Ans**catagen Scalp massage ___ hair growth. **Ans**does not affect Compared to pigmented hair, gray hair is: **Ans**neither coarser nor more resistant Cross-sections of hair: **Ans**can be almost any shape Bald men are commonly perceived as: **Ans**less successful By age 35, almost ___ percent of both men and women show some degree of hair loss. **Ans**40 Finasteride is an oral prescription medication for hair loss that is meant for: **Ans**men only Congenital canities manifests: **Ans**at or before birth Dandruff can easily be mistaken for: **Ans**dry scalp Dandruff is believed to be caused by a: **Ans**fungus The most frequently encountered fungal infection resulting from hair services is: **Ans**tinea barbae Tinea is characterized by: **Ans**itching The infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is called: **Ans**pediculosis capitis A carbuncle is similar to a furuncle, but is: **Ans**larger Fine hair is ___ than coarse or medium hair. **Ans**more fragile Coarse hair: **Ans**is stronger than fine hair The ___ is the outermost layer of hair. **Ans**hair cuticle The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles are the ___ glands. **Ans**sebaceous A ___ bond is a physical bond easily broken by water or heat. **Ans**hydrogen Hair is approximately ___ percent protein. **Ans**90 Total scalp hair loss is known as: **Ans**alopecia totalis Hypertrichosis is also known as: **Ans**hirsuties The naturally occurring fungus that causes the symptoms of dandruff when it grows out of control is: **Ans**malassezia The ___ is the lowest part of a hair strand. **Ans**hair bulb The technical term for beaded hair is: **Ans**monilethrix A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin is: **Ans**scabies The term for the spiral shape coiled protein is: **Ans**helix Shaving, clipping, and cutting the hair on the head: **Ans**has no effect on hair growth Dry, sulfur-yellow, cup -like crusts on the scalp are called: **Ans**scutula The ___ are part of the integumentary system. **Ans**hair, skin, nails, and glands The long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs arms, and bodies of males and females is called ___. **Ans**terminal hair The technical term for knotted hair is: **Ans**trichorrhexis nodosa The ___ is the innermost layer of the hair. **Ans**medulla Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head is called: **Ans**whorl The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis is the: **Ans**hair root A tuft of hair that strands straight up is a: **Ans**cowlick The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is called: **Ans**hair porosity The middle layer of the hair is the: **Ans**cortex An autoimmune disorder that causes affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system is: **Ans**alopecia areata Vellus hair is also known as: **Ans**lanugo hair The medical term for ringworm is: **Ans**tinea Wave pattern changes can be created or changed temporarily with styling tools and permanently with: **Ans**chemicals For a client with gold skin tones, a ___ hair color would be flattering **Ans**warm In designing for clients with large or broad shoulders, the stylist should create styles with: **Ans**more volume When opposite sides of a hairstyle have different lengths, or different volume and appear to have equal visual weight, it is considered to have ___ balance. **Ans**asymmetrical A recurrent pattern of movement in a design is referred to as: **Ans**rhythm The are of a design where the eye is drawn to first before traveling to the rest of the design is called the: **Ans**emphasis To offset or round out the features of a square facial shape, the aim would be to: **Ans**create volume between the temples and jaw The ___ profile has a receding forehead and chin. **Ans**convex The triangular section that begins at the apex or high point of the head and ends at the front corners is called the: **Ans**bang area Design texture can be created temporarily with the use of: **Ans**heat and/ or wet styling techniques Which of these is not a physical characteristic taken into account when designing an artistic and suitable hairstyle? **Ans**a. body posture b. features c. age d. head shape Left natural, ___ hair may not support many styling options, **Ans**fine, straight Which type of hair offers the most versatility in styling? **Ans**wavy, medium hair For ease of styling, ___ hair is generally best cut short **Ans**very curly, fine For a client with ___, you should direct the hair back and away from the face at the temples. **Ans**close-set eyes For a client with ___, the hair should be directed to the chin area. **Ans**receding chin For a client with ___, nose, bring hair forward at the forehead, with softness around the face. **Ans**prominent If a male client has a __, a fairly close-trimmed beard and mustache would be very thinning to the overall appearance. **Ans**a wide face and full cheeks To create length and height in hair design, use: **Ans**vertical lines Lines that may move in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction are ___ lines. **Ans**curved The lines known as ___ lines can be straight or curved. **Ans**parallel Lines with a definite forward or backward movement are ___ lines. **Ans**directional The square face shape: **Ans**is narrow at the middle third of the face The face shape featuring a narrow forehead, extreme width through the cheekbones, and a narrow chin is the: **Ans**diamond The ___ face shape features a narrow forehead, wide jaw, and wide chin line. **Ans**triangular The face shape featuring a wide forhead and narrow chin is the: **Ans**inverted-triangle The ___ face shape features a long, narrow face with hollow cheeks. **Ans**oblong What is the primary purpose of a shampoo service? **Ans**to cleanse the hair and scalp Which of the following is classified as a universal solvent? **Ans**water Small amounts of chlorine can be added to water to: **Ans**kill bacteria The ingredients on shampoo are listed in what order? **Ans**from largest to smallest percentage A pH-balanced shampoos has a pH in the range of: **Ans**4.5 to 5.5 Which of the following substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture? **Ans**humectants A ___ is designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shat from within, to temporarily reconstruct the hair. **Ans**protein conditioner Which of the following is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation? **Ans**scalp astringent lotion Brushing of the hair should never be done prior to: **Ans**chemical service The most highly recommended hairbrushes are those made from: **Ans**natural bristles As a safety feature for the client, during a shampoo you should monitor the water temperature by: **Ans**keeping one finger over the edge of the spray nozzle in contact with the water A scalp treatment used when there is a deficiency of natural oil on the hair or scalp should contain: **Ans**moisturizers and emollient ingredients High-frequency current should never be used on hair treated with tonics that contain: **Ans**alcohol Excessive oiliness is caused by: **Ans**overactive sebaceous glands The primary difference between a relaxation massage and a treatment massage is: **Ans**the products you use What should be the primary consideration when selecting a shampoo? **Ans**the condition of the client's hair and scalp Color-enhancing shampoos are used to: **Ans**eliminate unwanted color tones from the hair All of the following are types of conditioners except: **Ans**a. leave-in b. rinse-out c. treatment or repair d. spray-on Spray-on thermal protectors safeguard against the harmful effects of ___ the hair. **Ans**blowdrying For a client with ___ hair, it is recommended that you use a gentle cleansing shampoo and a light leave in conditioner. **Ans**fine, damaged Appropriate products for coarse, damaged, dry hair include all of the following except: **Ans**spray-on thermal protector treatments Part One of the Three-part procedure includes: **Ans**cleaning and disinfecting your tools What is