NURS5315AdvancedPathophysiology UTAExam1 (Latest2025/2026Update)realQuestionsandVerified Answers|100% Correct|AlreadyGradedA+.

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1
(Latest Update) real Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Already Graded A+.


1. What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause?: Heart disease, Alzheimers, Par
A A A A A A A A A



kinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM, isch
A A A A A A A A A A



emic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment D
A A A A A A A A A A



NA, less *protein synthesis*, chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria
A A A A A A A




2. What is the body's defense against ROS?: Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin
A A A A A A A A A A A



C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
A A A A A




3. How are free radicals produced?: 1. Normal cellular respiration
A A A A A A A A



2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)
A A A A A A A



3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides A A A A A A



4. Transition of metals A A



5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical
A A A A A A A A A A



4. action potential: Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the neuron --
A A A A A A A A A A



> the neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
A A A A A A




5. Threshold potential: Point at which depolarization must reach in order to i
A A A A A A A A A A A



nitiate an action potential
A A A




6. Hypokalemia and action potentials: HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. - A A A A A A A A



100). Less excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability: weakness, smooth mu
A A A A A A A A A



scle atony, paresthesia, cardiac dysrhythmias
A A A A




7. Hyperkalemia and action potentials: HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: A A A A A A A A



closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T waves.
A A A A A A A




When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac standstill,
A A A A A A A A A A A



paresthesia, paralysis A




1A/A16

,.




8. Hypocalcemia and action potentials: Increased permeability to Na+. More A A A A A A A A A



excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.
A A A A A A




9. Hypercalcemia and action potentials: Decreased permeability to Na+. A A A A A A A A



Less excitable. Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, encephal
A A A A A A A



opathy, depressed T waves A A A




10. Atrophy: Occurs as a result of decrease in work load, pressure, use, blood s
A A A A A A A A A A A A A



upply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the cell has de
A A A A A A A A A A A



creased in size, it has now compensated for decreased blood supply, nerve suppl
A A A A A A A A A A A A



y, nutrient supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new homeostasis. Cells ar
A A A A A A A A A A A



e alive but have diminished function and may lead to cellular death.
A A A A A A A A A A A




11. Atrophy examples: Physiologic atrophy- A A A



shrinking of the thymus gland during childhood.
A A A A A A A




Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed
A A A A A A A



12. Hypertrophy: Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase in size of o A A A A A A A A A A A A A A



rgan. Caused by hormonal stimulation or increased functional demand.
A A A A A A A A




13 Hypertrophy examples: physiologic hypertrophy-
A A A A



skeletal hypertrophy when a person does heavy work or weight lifting / when a kidn
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A



ey is surgically removed, the other kidney increases in size
A A A A A A A A A




pathologic hypertrophy- A



Acardiomegaly results from an increased workload in hypertensive patients / *left ven
A A A A A A A A A A A



tricular hypertrophy* A




14. Hyperplasia: Increase in NUMBER of cells. Results from increased rate of A A A A A A A A A A A



mitosis. Can ONLY happen in cells that are capable of mitosis (cell division).
A A A A A A A A A A A A




15. Hyperplasia examples: 1. Thickening of skin because of hyperplasia of A A A A A A A A A A



epidermal cells. A




2. Hormonal hyperplasia- A



occurs in estrogen dependent organs like uterus and breast.
A A A A A A A A A

, 2A/A16