Fetal Echocardiography Board Exam Review
Questions and Answers
exposure to trimethadione or valproic acid is associated with what? - -HLHS
-regarding pulmonary atresia, is there flow across the pulmonic valve? - -no
*there is no pathway from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
-regarding HLHS, what is the shunt direction of the foramen ovale? - -left to right
-what is used to counteract beam attenuation? - -TGC
-the right and left internal mammary arteries border what structure? - -thymus gland
-the confluence of the umbilical vein, ductus venosus, extrahepatic portal vein, and left &
right portal branches is termed what? - -the portal sinus
-regarding tricuspid atresia, what is the shunt direction of the foramen ovale? - -right to
left
-sacrococcygeal teratoma leads to _____ due to increase of lower body venous return - -
dilated IVC
-what is a dilated brachiocephalic vein associated with? - -supracardiac TAPVC
vein of Gallen aneurysm
-as a normal pregnancy progresses, does the flow in the umbilical artery demonstrate
increasing or decreasing resistance? - -decreasing
-what has the greatest effect on cardiac output in a fetus? - -heart rate
-what medications can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus? - -indomethacin
and ibuprofen
-does an increase in color flow velocity scale increase or decrease the PRF? - -increase
-what is the most common indication for fetal echo? - -arrhythmia
-the optimal waveform for measuring the _____ will include: opening & closing valve clicks
from aortic and mitral valves - -MPI
-can vein of Gallen aneurysm cause cardiomegaly? - -yes
, -ACE inhibitors & Paroxetine are associated with _____ defects if used in the first trimester -
-septal
-regarding IUGR, is the flow reversal visualized during atrial or ventricular contractions? -
-atrial
-what have Berry aneurysms of the cerebral circulation been associated with? - -
coarctation
-magnesium sulfate can be related to maternal _____ - -cardiac arrest
-hemodynamics of what chamber are demonstrated by pulmonary venous waveforms? - -
left atrium
-what is considered increased thermal index? - -> 0.7
*if you see this reduce your output power
-what can be adjusted to produce a smoother color Doppler image? - -persistence
-what veins anchor the heart to the lungs? - -pulmonary veins
-is hydrops considered a fluid accumulation in one or two serous cavities? - -two
-what is the membrane that crosses the left atrium just inferior to the pulmonary venous
junction? - -cortriatriatum
*this can mimic pulmonary vein stenosis and cause dilated pulmonary veins
-_____% of T21 patients have CHD - -50
-why should we evaluate the ductus venosus on patients with tricuspid atresia? - -
Tricuspid atresia causes severe outflow obstruction on the right side. The IVC & its
tributaries become congested and resistance to flow increases. The DV connects to the IVC,
and if resistance to flow is high, bidirectional flow patterns will be demonstrated.
-what type of cardiomyopathy is Noonan syndrome associated with? - -hypertrophic
-to better visualize flow through the foramen ovale, should the color threshold be
increased or decreased? - -increased
-what is the most common arrhythmia seen with Ebstein anomaly - -SVT
-when can PW Doppler be used in the first trimester? - -when aneuploidy is suspected
-is the aortic arch superior or inferior to the ductal arch? - -superior
Questions and Answers
exposure to trimethadione or valproic acid is associated with what? - -HLHS
-regarding pulmonary atresia, is there flow across the pulmonic valve? - -no
*there is no pathway from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
-regarding HLHS, what is the shunt direction of the foramen ovale? - -left to right
-what is used to counteract beam attenuation? - -TGC
-the right and left internal mammary arteries border what structure? - -thymus gland
-the confluence of the umbilical vein, ductus venosus, extrahepatic portal vein, and left &
right portal branches is termed what? - -the portal sinus
-regarding tricuspid atresia, what is the shunt direction of the foramen ovale? - -right to
left
-sacrococcygeal teratoma leads to _____ due to increase of lower body venous return - -
dilated IVC
-what is a dilated brachiocephalic vein associated with? - -supracardiac TAPVC
vein of Gallen aneurysm
-as a normal pregnancy progresses, does the flow in the umbilical artery demonstrate
increasing or decreasing resistance? - -decreasing
-what has the greatest effect on cardiac output in a fetus? - -heart rate
-what medications can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus? - -indomethacin
and ibuprofen
-does an increase in color flow velocity scale increase or decrease the PRF? - -increase
-what is the most common indication for fetal echo? - -arrhythmia
-the optimal waveform for measuring the _____ will include: opening & closing valve clicks
from aortic and mitral valves - -MPI
-can vein of Gallen aneurysm cause cardiomegaly? - -yes
, -ACE inhibitors & Paroxetine are associated with _____ defects if used in the first trimester -
-septal
-regarding IUGR, is the flow reversal visualized during atrial or ventricular contractions? -
-atrial
-what have Berry aneurysms of the cerebral circulation been associated with? - -
coarctation
-magnesium sulfate can be related to maternal _____ - -cardiac arrest
-hemodynamics of what chamber are demonstrated by pulmonary venous waveforms? - -
left atrium
-what is considered increased thermal index? - -> 0.7
*if you see this reduce your output power
-what can be adjusted to produce a smoother color Doppler image? - -persistence
-what veins anchor the heart to the lungs? - -pulmonary veins
-is hydrops considered a fluid accumulation in one or two serous cavities? - -two
-what is the membrane that crosses the left atrium just inferior to the pulmonary venous
junction? - -cortriatriatum
*this can mimic pulmonary vein stenosis and cause dilated pulmonary veins
-_____% of T21 patients have CHD - -50
-why should we evaluate the ductus venosus on patients with tricuspid atresia? - -
Tricuspid atresia causes severe outflow obstruction on the right side. The IVC & its
tributaries become congested and resistance to flow increases. The DV connects to the IVC,
and if resistance to flow is high, bidirectional flow patterns will be demonstrated.
-what type of cardiomyopathy is Noonan syndrome associated with? - -hypertrophic
-to better visualize flow through the foramen ovale, should the color threshold be
increased or decreased? - -increased
-what is the most common arrhythmia seen with Ebstein anomaly - -SVT
-when can PW Doppler be used in the first trimester? - -when aneuploidy is suspected
-is the aortic arch superior or inferior to the ductal arch? - -superior
