Complete Test Bank Medical Microbiology 8th Edition Murray Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-75)

,Target |nucleic |acid |amplification |(PCR) |methods |are |based |on |which |of |the |following?

a. The |ability |of |two |nucleic |acid |strands |that |have |complementary |base |sequences |to
|specifically |bond |with |each |other |and |form |a |double-stranded |molecule

b. Detecting |phenotypic |traits |not |detectable |by |conventional |strategies
c. The |principles |of |complementary |nucleic-acid |hybridization |and |those |of |nucleic-acid
|replication |that |are |applied |repeatedly |through |numerous |cycles

d. Determining |the |exact |nucleotide |sequence |of |a |gene |or |gene |fragment |obtained
|from |an |organism |- |The |principles |of |complementary |nucleic-acid |hybridization |and

|those |of |nucleic-acid |replication |that |are |applied |repeatedly |through |numerous |cycles




A |reduction |in |production |of |HIV |due |to |therapy |can |be |evaluated |by |which |of |the
|following |methods?




a. ELISA |assay |for |antibody |of |patient |serum
b. Western |blot |for |antibody |of |patient |serum
c. PCR |analysis |of |patient |serum
d. Real-time |PCR |of |patient |serum
e. Immunofluorescence |of |peripheral |blood |T |cells |- |d. |Real-time |PCR |of |patient |serum

A |27-year-old |man |has |focal |neurologic |symptoms, |and |MRI |indicates |inflammation |in |the
|temporal |lobe. |Which |test |would |be |most |effective |to |confirm |the |diagnosis?




a. ELISA |assay |for |antibocy |of |patient |serum
b. Western |blot |for |antibody |of |patient |serum
c. PCR |analysis |of |patient |serum
d. Real-time |PCR |of |patient |serum
e. Immunofluorescence |of |peripheral |blood |T |cells |- |c. |PCR |analysis |of |patient |serum

A |22-year-old |spelunker |has |flulike |illness |with |chest |pain. |Radiographs |of |the |lungs
|indicate |patchy |infiltrates. |Which |of |the |following |serologic |findings |would |confirm |a

|diagnosis |of |histoplasmosis?




a. Ouchterlony |demonstration |of |partial |identity |with |Blastomyces
b. A |twofold |increase |in |complement |fixation |titer
c. Inhibition |of |hemagglutination
d. Real-time |PCR
e. Southern |blot |analysis |of |serum |- |Ouchterlony |demonstration |of |partial |identity |with
|Blastomyces




A |33-year-old |man |is |suspected |of |being |infected |with |H3N2 |influenza. |Comparison |of
|serum |taken |during |disease |is |compared |to |serum |taken |2 |months |after |recovery.

Which |of |the |following |sets |of |antibody |titers |would |confirm |infection |with |the |H3N2
|strain?

,Acute |Titer |ConvescentTiter
a. 8 |16
b. 8 |64
c. 4 |8
d. 16 |8
e. 64 |16 |- |b. |8 |64

Serology |is |used |to |follow |the |course |of |which |of |the |following |diseases?

a. Influenza
b. Herpes |simplex |virus
c. Epstein |Barr |virus
d. Yellow |fever |virus
e. Measles |- |Influenza

Serum |levels |of |which |antibody |is |indicative |of |recent |infection?

a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG
e. IgM |- |IgA

What |is |the |first |antibody |produced |when |an |invading |microorganism |is |initially
|encountered?




a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG
e. IgM |- |IgM

A |5-day-old |baby |is |brought |back |to |the |hospital |with |signs |of |sepsis, |is |not |thriving, |and
|has |vesicular |lesions |on |his |scalp |at |the |site |of |monitor |attachment. |Why |is |a |baby

|susceptible |to |a |more |serious |outcome |with |this |infection |than |an |older |child |or |adult?




a. Immunosuppression |from |the |mother
| b.Infection |of |a |site |closest |to |the |brain
c. Lack |of |IgA |production
d. Low |levels |of |interferon-γ |production
e. More |rapidly |growing |cells |- |Low |levels |of |interferon-γ |production

Endotoxin |initiates |septic |responses |by |binding |to:

a. NF-κB
b. Complement |receptor |3d

, c. Toll-like |receptor |4
d.C-reactive |protein
|

e.ICAM |1 |- |Toll-like |receptor |4

Endotoxin |induces |production |of |which |cytokines |by |macrophages?

a. IL-1, |TNF-α, |IL-6
b. IL-2, |IL-4, |IL-6
c. IL-4, |IL-5, |IL-10
d. IL-2, |IFN-γ, |TNF-β
e. TGF-β, |IL-10, |IL-17 |- |IL-1, |TNF-α, |IL-6

Which |of |the |following |cytokines |is |required |to |initiate |a |protective |helper |T |cell |immune
|response |to |measles |virus?




a. IL-1
b. IL-4
c. IL-8
d. IL-10
e. IL-12 |- |IL-12

Treatment |with |which |cytokine |makes |the |macrophage |more |efficient |at |killing |bacteria?

a. Interferon |alpha
b. Interferon |gamma
c. TGF-β
d. GM-CSF
e. IL-2 |- |Interferon |gamma

M. |tuberculosis |becomes |reactivated |in |an |AIDS |patient |because:

a. CD8 |T |cells |cannot |kill |the |bacteria.
b. Neutrophils |do |not |become |activated.
c. Macrophages |do |not |get |an |activation |signal.
d. B |cells |stop |making |protective |antibody.
e. CD4 |T |cells |stop |making |TGF-β. |- |Macrophages |do |not |get |an |activation |signal.

Identify |which |deficiency |would |most |compromise |a |protective |immune |response |to |E.
|coli |sepsis.




a. IgG
b. IgE
c. CD8 |T |cells
d. Mast |cells |- |IgG