ATPL THEORY
General Navigation - Complete Summary
,Table of Contents
Definitions and general principles 4
Frequently used terms 4
Latitudinal and longitudinal tracks 4
Measuring latitude and longitude 4
Calculations 4
Coordinates 5
Statistics of the earth 5
Rate of ellipticity 5
Geocentric and geodetic latitude 5
Conversion of units 5
Traveling North – South 6
Traveling East – West 6
Convergency 6
Convergency calculations 6
Properties of great circles 7
Magnetism 7
Compasses 7
Iron 7
Magnetic lines (flux lines) 8
Calculations (CDMVT) 8
Direct reading compasses 9
E-type compasses 9
Compass swing 9
Correct shape in a chart 10
Scale 10
Chart projections 10
The simple conic projection 11
Constant of the Cone and Lambert projection 11
Great circles and rhumb lines 11
Scale 12
Lambert charts summary 12
Polar stereographic projection 12
Mercator’s projection 13
Grid navigation 14
Atmosphere and aviation 14
Temperature and altitude 14
TAT and SAT 15
Height 15
Temperature corrections for landing 16
Glide Path calculations 16
Rate of descent 16
Speeds 16
Relief on a chart 17
Symbols 17
VFR Navigation 18
IFR Navigation 20
The solar system 20
Kepler’s laws 21
2
, Days, hours and minutes 21
Analemma 22
Year 22
Local time 22
Standard times 23
International date line 23
Almanac symbols and use 24
3
General Navigation - Complete Summary
,Table of Contents
Definitions and general principles 4
Frequently used terms 4
Latitudinal and longitudinal tracks 4
Measuring latitude and longitude 4
Calculations 4
Coordinates 5
Statistics of the earth 5
Rate of ellipticity 5
Geocentric and geodetic latitude 5
Conversion of units 5
Traveling North – South 6
Traveling East – West 6
Convergency 6
Convergency calculations 6
Properties of great circles 7
Magnetism 7
Compasses 7
Iron 7
Magnetic lines (flux lines) 8
Calculations (CDMVT) 8
Direct reading compasses 9
E-type compasses 9
Compass swing 9
Correct shape in a chart 10
Scale 10
Chart projections 10
The simple conic projection 11
Constant of the Cone and Lambert projection 11
Great circles and rhumb lines 11
Scale 12
Lambert charts summary 12
Polar stereographic projection 12
Mercator’s projection 13
Grid navigation 14
Atmosphere and aviation 14
Temperature and altitude 14
TAT and SAT 15
Height 15
Temperature corrections for landing 16
Glide Path calculations 16
Rate of descent 16
Speeds 16
Relief on a chart 17
Symbols 17
VFR Navigation 18
IFR Navigation 20
The solar system 20
Kepler’s laws 21
2
, Days, hours and minutes 21
Analemma 22
Year 22
Local time 22
Standard times 23
International date line 23
Almanac symbols and use 24
3
