Philosophy 1010 Test #2 2025 Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Present the four sorts of factors that completely control us, according to Nagel.
What is the distinction between visible and 'invisible' luck? What is the distinction
between Luck and Moral Luck? - ANSWER-The four factors that control us are
resultant moral luck, constitutive moral luck, circumstantial moral luck, and causal
moral luck. Resultant luck is future consequences, or luck in the way things turn
out, which separates intentions from results. Constitutive luck is the luck you have
in the kind of person you are based on your genes, upbringing, etc., that makes us
who we are. Circumstantial luck is luck in the situation that one finds themselves
in, such as perfectly moral Nazi soldiers who are forced to commit attrocious acts
in Germany when they would have led otherwise exemplary lives elsewhere. Causal
moral luck presents that everything we do or want to do is determined by
antecedent conditions, all of which are beyond our control. Visible luck is
opportunities or things we have in our life and we notice and are thankful for, like
winning the lottery would be visibly lucky. Invisible luck are things that we don't
know to be thankful for because they are so subtle, such as being a male in a family
line where almost all your male relatives have diabetes, but you don't, and you find
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, out years later that the trait somehow skipped you. Moral luck, according to Nagel,
is where a large amount of what someone does depends on factors beyond his
control, but continues to be treated as an object of moral judgement. This is
different in that luck can affect our success and happiness, but shouldn't affect our
moral standing. However, moral luck, whether it be circumstantial or resultant or
whatever, can affect our moral standing.
Assume Nagel is correct, and thus that Free Will does not exist. Using Hadot's
notion of living the ideas in philosophy, how will having read Nagel be something
that you live? - ANSWER-Knowing that Free Will does not exist, I can apply this
to my life to help me find peace, as bad things that happen or seemingly bad
choices I make are not my fault; they were instead destined to happen.
Why neither Determinism nor Indeterminism/quantum theory would be
conducive to real Free Will - ANSWER-Determinism would not be conducive to
free will because our innate evolutionary tendencies lead us towards whatever will
make us happier and more willing to reproduce. Therefore, we don't know if
determinism is true or if a causal chain has led us to believe its true. Furthermore,
Indeterminism isn't conducive to free will because it vies for miraculous forces that
push us one way or another, and the same person put in the same situation would
make different decisions if replayed the exact same way.
How could it be that to understand Evolution can lead one to distrust one's own
mind/thoughts? - ANSWER-We can't trust our thoughts because as we have
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
and Answers 100% Pass
Present the four sorts of factors that completely control us, according to Nagel.
What is the distinction between visible and 'invisible' luck? What is the distinction
between Luck and Moral Luck? - ANSWER-The four factors that control us are
resultant moral luck, constitutive moral luck, circumstantial moral luck, and causal
moral luck. Resultant luck is future consequences, or luck in the way things turn
out, which separates intentions from results. Constitutive luck is the luck you have
in the kind of person you are based on your genes, upbringing, etc., that makes us
who we are. Circumstantial luck is luck in the situation that one finds themselves
in, such as perfectly moral Nazi soldiers who are forced to commit attrocious acts
in Germany when they would have led otherwise exemplary lives elsewhere. Causal
moral luck presents that everything we do or want to do is determined by
antecedent conditions, all of which are beyond our control. Visible luck is
opportunities or things we have in our life and we notice and are thankful for, like
winning the lottery would be visibly lucky. Invisible luck are things that we don't
know to be thankful for because they are so subtle, such as being a male in a family
line where almost all your male relatives have diabetes, but you don't, and you find
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
, out years later that the trait somehow skipped you. Moral luck, according to Nagel,
is where a large amount of what someone does depends on factors beyond his
control, but continues to be treated as an object of moral judgement. This is
different in that luck can affect our success and happiness, but shouldn't affect our
moral standing. However, moral luck, whether it be circumstantial or resultant or
whatever, can affect our moral standing.
Assume Nagel is correct, and thus that Free Will does not exist. Using Hadot's
notion of living the ideas in philosophy, how will having read Nagel be something
that you live? - ANSWER-Knowing that Free Will does not exist, I can apply this
to my life to help me find peace, as bad things that happen or seemingly bad
choices I make are not my fault; they were instead destined to happen.
Why neither Determinism nor Indeterminism/quantum theory would be
conducive to real Free Will - ANSWER-Determinism would not be conducive to
free will because our innate evolutionary tendencies lead us towards whatever will
make us happier and more willing to reproduce. Therefore, we don't know if
determinism is true or if a causal chain has led us to believe its true. Furthermore,
Indeterminism isn't conducive to free will because it vies for miraculous forces that
push us one way or another, and the same person put in the same situation would
make different decisions if replayed the exact same way.
How could it be that to understand Evolution can lead one to distrust one's own
mind/thoughts? - ANSWER-We can't trust our thoughts because as we have
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
