Bio 117 WVU Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Osmoregulation - CORRECT ANSWER - The control of water balance and solute
composition
Nitrogenous waste - CORRECT ANSWER - Formed by the breakdown of proteins and
nuclei acids, toxic ammonia is produced
Directly excreted - CORRECT ANSWER - Toxic, needs lots of water, most invertebrates
and fresh water fish
Waste converted to urea - CORRECT ANSWER - Low toxicity, requires ATP, turtles
mammals marine fish amphibians
Waste converted to Uric acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Relatively nontoxic, largely
insoluble in water, birds
Four nephron parts - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal corpuscle, proximal tube, loop of
henle, distal tube
(All parts located in renal cortex except for the loop of henle)
How do kidneys filter - CORRECT ANSWER - Fluids moved into bowmans capsule,
going down the defending limb we gain water and keep salt, going up the ascending limb we
keep water and lose salt through osmosis, active transport happens in the thick part of the
ascending limb
Antidiuretic hormone - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes a more concentrated urine to form
Diabetes insipidus hormone - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes very dilute urine to form
, Diffusion of oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER - Gas exchange over respiratory surfaces
happens entirely by diffusion. The diffusion requires surface area, thin gas permeable surface,
and water
Flicks law - CORRECT ANSWER - Rate of diffusion = k * A * (p2-p1)/D
K= diffusion constant
A= area
Ps= difference of pressure on either side of barrier
D= distance or thickness of barrier
Does the atmosphere or water have more oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWER - Atmosphere
Gills - CORRECT ANSWER - Use countercurrent to maximize oxygen diffusion
Tracheae - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in insects, air tubes that branch through the
body connected to pores in the exoskeleton known as spiracles, muscle contractions pump the air
in and out
Lungs - CORRECT ANSWER - Work off of negative pressure(except for frogs) to keep
them inflated, air comes down the trachea through the bronchi to the bronchioles and into the
alveoli then air diffuses into capillaries
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - Lots of them are found on red blood cells and each
one can bind with four oxygen molecules
How the hemoglobin decides to give tissues oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER - Muscles
and tissues at rest are 44 mm hg and working muscles set up a larger concentration gradient (30
mm hg). Once hemoglobin loses one of its oxygen molecules it is more likely to lose more
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Osmoregulation - CORRECT ANSWER - The control of water balance and solute
composition
Nitrogenous waste - CORRECT ANSWER - Formed by the breakdown of proteins and
nuclei acids, toxic ammonia is produced
Directly excreted - CORRECT ANSWER - Toxic, needs lots of water, most invertebrates
and fresh water fish
Waste converted to urea - CORRECT ANSWER - Low toxicity, requires ATP, turtles
mammals marine fish amphibians
Waste converted to Uric acid - CORRECT ANSWER - Relatively nontoxic, largely
insoluble in water, birds
Four nephron parts - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal corpuscle, proximal tube, loop of
henle, distal tube
(All parts located in renal cortex except for the loop of henle)
How do kidneys filter - CORRECT ANSWER - Fluids moved into bowmans capsule,
going down the defending limb we gain water and keep salt, going up the ascending limb we
keep water and lose salt through osmosis, active transport happens in the thick part of the
ascending limb
Antidiuretic hormone - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes a more concentrated urine to form
Diabetes insipidus hormone - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes very dilute urine to form
, Diffusion of oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER - Gas exchange over respiratory surfaces
happens entirely by diffusion. The diffusion requires surface area, thin gas permeable surface,
and water
Flicks law - CORRECT ANSWER - Rate of diffusion = k * A * (p2-p1)/D
K= diffusion constant
A= area
Ps= difference of pressure on either side of barrier
D= distance or thickness of barrier
Does the atmosphere or water have more oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWER - Atmosphere
Gills - CORRECT ANSWER - Use countercurrent to maximize oxygen diffusion
Tracheae - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in insects, air tubes that branch through the
body connected to pores in the exoskeleton known as spiracles, muscle contractions pump the air
in and out
Lungs - CORRECT ANSWER - Work off of negative pressure(except for frogs) to keep
them inflated, air comes down the trachea through the bronchi to the bronchioles and into the
alveoli then air diffuses into capillaries
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - Lots of them are found on red blood cells and each
one can bind with four oxygen molecules
How the hemoglobin decides to give tissues oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER - Muscles
and tissues at rest are 44 mm hg and working muscles set up a larger concentration gradient (30
mm hg). Once hemoglobin loses one of its oxygen molecules it is more likely to lose more
