Bio 20 Human Systems Unit Exam Questions And Answers 100% Verified.

Animals store excess glucose as - correct answer glycogen It is more efficient for animals to store excess energy as - correct answer fats Lipid structure - correct answer triglyceride: 3 fatty acids and glycerol Phospholipids - correct answer phosphate head (hydrophilic) and a lipid tail (hydrophobic) which create a bilayer cell membrane Cofactors - correct answer inorganic molecules that help an enzymes active site to bind to a substrate Coenzymes - correct answer organic molecules that help an enzymes active site to bind to a substrate Competitive inhibitors - correct answer bind to the active site to prevent the substrate from binding non-competitive inhibitor - correct answer bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective Once swallowed food is called - correct answer bolus once food enters the small intestine it is called - correct answer chyme Large intestine - correct answer absorbs water, vitamins and minerals Liver - correct answer breaks down toxins, converts nitrogenous waste to urea and produces bile (stored in the gall bladder) Stomach - correct answer absorbs water, alcohol, drugs and vitamins Bile - correct answer not an enzyme, produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Works in the small intestine. Breaks lipids down into smaller fat globules Pancreatic Lipase - correct answer produced in the pancreas and acts in the small intestine, breaks smaller fat globules down into triglycerides Hormone CKK - correct answer sends signal to gallbladder to release bile Pepsin - correct answer activated by HCl in gastric juices and is produced and acts in the stomach. Breaks long chain proteins down into short chain proteins. Trypsin - correct answer Tripsinogens are released from the pancreas and activated by enterkinase. Act in small intestine to break short train proteins down into polypeptide chains. Erepsin - correct answer produced in pancreas and sm intestine, acts in sm intestine. breaks polypeptide chains down into amino acids Amalayse - correct answer breaks down starch into disaccharides, produced in salivary glands and pancreas and acts in mouth and small intestine Disaccharidases - correct answer breaks disaccharides down further in sm intestine prosecretin - correct answer activated by acidic chine into secretin. Signals the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions to neurtralize the chyme in the sm intestine catabolic reactions - correct answer larger molecules broken down into smaller molecules anabolic reactions - correct answer smaller molecules bonded to make larger molecules Lipoprotein - correct answer prevents alveoli from sticking together Pleural Membrane - correct answer contains friction reducing lubricant Diaphragm - correct answer separates thoracic and abdominal cavities Inspiration - correct answer intercostals contract, diaphragm contracts and abdominal muscles relax Expiration - correct answer intercostals relax, diaphragm relaxes and abdominal muscles contract Hb - correct answer each carry 4 O2 CO2 transport - correct answer 10% dissolved in plasma, 20% joins with Hb to form carbominohemoglobin and 70% forms carbonic acid (converted into ions) CO2 levels detected in - correct answer the medulla O2 levels are detected by chemoreceptors in the - correct answer aortic and carotid arteries pulmonary circulation - correct answer between lungs and heart coronary circulation - correct answer within heart systemic circulation - correct answer between heart and cells papillary muscles and chord tendonaeahe - correct answer prevent valve flips from flipping upwards What influences heart rate - correct answer automatic nervous system sympathetic system - correct answer increases heart rate- tachycardia Parasympathetic system - correct answer decreases heart rate, Bradycardia Lub - correct answer closing of AV valves dub - correct answer closing of SL valves diastole - correct answer ventricles are relaxed and fill with blood Systole - correct answer ventricles contract and blood is pushed out of the arteries systolic pressure - correct answer force on arteries during heart contraction, about 120 mmHg diastolic pressure - correct answer force on vessels when the heart is relaxed, about 80 mmHg healthy blood pressure - correct answer 120/80 mmHg Baroreceptors - correct answer carotid artery and aorta, receive info regarding blood pressure Chemoreceptors - correct answer carotid artery and aorta, receive info regarding chemicals in the blood that regulate breathing (O2) Osmoreceptors - correct answer Hypothalamus, monitor amount of water in blood Components of Blood - correct answer 55%plasma, 44% RBC, 1% WBC and platelets Plasma contains - correct answer Albumins: osmotic balance, Globulins: protect agains infections, Fibrinogens: blood clotting anemia - correct answer not enough red blood cells Leukocytes - correct answer WBC Erythrocytes - correct answer red blood cells Lymphocytes - correct answer T and B cells Thrombocytes - correct answer platelets clotting - correct answer thrombin from platelets turns soluble fibrinogen in plasma into insoluble fibrin, vasoconstriction limits blood flow phagocytosis - correct answer WBCs/macrophages engulfs and destroys microbes complementary proteins - correct answer inactive until they detect invaders, form a protective coating, puncture cell membrane and tags the cell for phagocytosis organ transplants - correct answer try to match major histocompatibility complex as closely as possible urea - correct answer formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins-deamination Formation of Urine - correct answer filtration of blood (now called filtrate), reabsorbtion, secretion, excretion diabetes mellitus - correct answer insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects, large volumes of sugary urine diabetes insipidus - correct answer defects in ADH producing cells, large volumes of dilute urine Brights Disease (Nephritis) - correct answer infection of the nephrons, large molecules are allowed to pass through, causes blood in urine Renal/Hemodialysis - correct answer regular visits to hospital for blood to be run through a dialysis machine peritoneal dialysis - correct answer fluid is pumped into a body cavity ADH - correct answer increases water reabsorption diuretic - correct answer lots of pee aldosterone - correct answer produced in adrenal gland, increases reabsorption of salts to control water movement smooth muscle - correct answer non striated, arranged in sheets, 1 nucleus per cell cardiac muscle - correct answer tubular, 1 nucleus per cell skeletal muscle - correct answer tubular, many nuclei per cell tendon - correct answer collagen protein joining muscle to bone ligament - correct answer collegen protein joining bone to bone muscle fibre - correct answer bundle of myofibrils enclosed in a sarcolemma myofibrils - correct answer segments of sarcomeres joined end to end sarcomere - correct answer single functional unit of muscle myofilaments - correct answer individual actin and myosin proteins muscle structure hierarchy - correct