UCLA MIMG 185A Exam with accurate |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
detailed solutions |!!
Innate vs Adaptive - correct answer✔✔Innate - works within hours, limited
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
specificity (same response for every pathogen), major components =
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
phagocytes, barriers, pattern recognition molecules. |!! |!! |!! |!!
Adaptive - works within days, improves over time, high specificity and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
diversity, much faster upon repeat infection, major components =
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
lymphocytes, antibodies, B cells, T cells |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Barriers - correct answer✔✔Physical - skin (anti-bacterial by keratin and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
low pH), mucous membranes (traps pathogens)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Physiological - temp, pH, oxygen tension, soluble factors (lysozymes,|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
interferons, and complements) |!! |!!
Lysozyme - correct answer✔✔Antimicrobial enzyme in mucous that cleaves
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
bacterial peptidoglycans
|!! |!!
Interferons - correct answer✔✔A signaling protein released by host cells in
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
response to viral infection to alert other cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Neutrophils - correct answer✔✔50-60% of white blood cells, phagocytic,
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
FcR (secondary receptor), not Ag-specific, involved in inflammation and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
activation of adaptive response, short-lived.
|!! |!! |!! |!!
Mast Cells/Basophils/Eosinophils - correct answer✔✔Highly granular and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
granules contain mediators, Fcr (secondary receptor) that usually binds
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
, IgE. Releases mediators if IgE is cross-linked. Not all same thing but three
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
classes are similar. |!! |!!
Monocytes/Macrophages - correct answer✔✔Phagocytic, FcR that binds to |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
the Ag:Ab complexes, presents Ag, initiates T cell response through this.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Dendritic Cells - correct answer✔✔All throughout body, have long
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
processes that include inserting itself between cells, traps Ag on surface
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
and travels to lymph node, also an APC and aids differentiation.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Endocytosis vs Phagocytosis - correct answer✔✔All cells undergo
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
endocytosis, it delivers macromolecules to endosomes. |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Only monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils undergo phagocytosis.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Involves engulfing through receptors and then degrading the target in
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
lysosomes. The receptors used bind to lipopolysaccharides on bacteria.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) - correct answer✔✔Bind to activate the innate
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
system. TLR-4, TLR-2, TLR-5, TLR-6, TLR-9.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
TLR-2 and TLR-6 - correct answer✔✔TLRs that bind to certain bacterial
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
lipoproteins and glycolipids. |!! |!!
TLR-4 - correct answer✔✔TLR that binds to LPS, which is found in the
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
membranes of Gram negative bacteria. |!! |!! |!! |!!
TLR-5 - correct answer✔✔TLR that binds to Flagellin, which is found in the
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
flagella of microorganisms.
|!! |!!
TLR-9 - correct answer✔✔TLR that binds to unmethylated CpG
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
dinucleotides found in bacteria. |!! |!! |!!
detailed solutions |!!
Innate vs Adaptive - correct answer✔✔Innate - works within hours, limited
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
specificity (same response for every pathogen), major components =
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
phagocytes, barriers, pattern recognition molecules. |!! |!! |!! |!!
Adaptive - works within days, improves over time, high specificity and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
diversity, much faster upon repeat infection, major components =
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
lymphocytes, antibodies, B cells, T cells |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Barriers - correct answer✔✔Physical - skin (anti-bacterial by keratin and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
low pH), mucous membranes (traps pathogens)
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Physiological - temp, pH, oxygen tension, soluble factors (lysozymes,|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
interferons, and complements) |!! |!!
Lysozyme - correct answer✔✔Antimicrobial enzyme in mucous that cleaves
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
bacterial peptidoglycans
|!! |!!
Interferons - correct answer✔✔A signaling protein released by host cells in
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
response to viral infection to alert other cells
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Neutrophils - correct answer✔✔50-60% of white blood cells, phagocytic,
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
FcR (secondary receptor), not Ag-specific, involved in inflammation and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
activation of adaptive response, short-lived.
|!! |!! |!! |!!
Mast Cells/Basophils/Eosinophils - correct answer✔✔Highly granular and
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
granules contain mediators, Fcr (secondary receptor) that usually binds
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
, IgE. Releases mediators if IgE is cross-linked. Not all same thing but three
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
classes are similar. |!! |!!
Monocytes/Macrophages - correct answer✔✔Phagocytic, FcR that binds to |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
the Ag:Ab complexes, presents Ag, initiates T cell response through this.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Dendritic Cells - correct answer✔✔All throughout body, have long
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
processes that include inserting itself between cells, traps Ag on surface
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
and travels to lymph node, also an APC and aids differentiation.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Endocytosis vs Phagocytosis - correct answer✔✔All cells undergo
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
endocytosis, it delivers macromolecules to endosomes. |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Only monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils undergo phagocytosis.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Involves engulfing through receptors and then degrading the target in
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
lysosomes. The receptors used bind to lipopolysaccharides on bacteria.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) - correct answer✔✔Bind to activate the innate
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
system. TLR-4, TLR-2, TLR-5, TLR-6, TLR-9.
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
TLR-2 and TLR-6 - correct answer✔✔TLRs that bind to certain bacterial
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
lipoproteins and glycolipids. |!! |!!
TLR-4 - correct answer✔✔TLR that binds to LPS, which is found in the
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
membranes of Gram negative bacteria. |!! |!! |!! |!!
TLR-5 - correct answer✔✔TLR that binds to Flagellin, which is found in the
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
flagella of microorganisms.
|!! |!!
TLR-9 - correct answer✔✔TLR that binds to unmethylated CpG
|!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!! |!!
dinucleotides found in bacteria. |!! |!! |!!
