TESTBANK B
TESTBANK FOR A CONCISE
B gh gh B
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
g B B Bh B B B B Bh B g B B Bh B B B
B
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
B B B B B
,Chapter1TestA B
MULTIPLE CHOICE B
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments B B B B B B B B B
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
B B B B B B B B B
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
moreandrelaxingless,whilemenareworkinglessandrelaxingmore.Fortyyears ago a typical
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: Today... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. B B B B B B B B B
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;conclusion: Forty years ago ... anactivityconsidered unpleasant.
B B B B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... betweenmen and women. B B B B B B B B B B
e. Argument; conclusion: Women todayare workingmore andrelaxingless. B B B B B B B B
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
information.
B
Anne Marie Helmstine,"Your Guide to Chemistry" B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes withthe proteins ...and spermproduction.
B B B B B B B B
b. Argument; conclusion: Leadistoxic. B B B B
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;conclusion: It preferentiallyreplacesothermetalsinbiochemical reactions.
B B B B B B B B
e. Argument;conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium... recallinformation. B B B B B B B
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotlefocusedonclarifying theconcept of virtueitself.He arguedthat it wasvirtuoustochoosethe
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
the situation.
B B
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacitytojudge wisely. B B B B B B B B B
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focusedonclarifyingtheconcept of virtueB B B B B B B
itself. B
c. Argument;conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
B B B B B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Heargued that it was virtuous... were vices B B B B B B B B B B
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrantspaylocal salestaxes,and manyof themalso paystate,local,and federalincometax and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
1
, of their employers and theamount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
illegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
B B B B B B B B B B B
a. Argument;conclusion: It isnotcorrectto say ...communitiesin whichthey B B B B B B B B B B B B
live. B
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ...these employers pay. B B B B B B B B B B
c. Argument;conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay... Social Securitytax. B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Theyalso purchase items ... payin taxes. B B B B B B B B B
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are
B B B B B B B B B B B B
over- arrested, over-indicted, andover-sentenced. African-American womenare seven timesmore
B B B B B B B B B B B
likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
offenses than black women.
B B B B
NancyKurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." B B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women... other ethnic groups. B B B B B B
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drugoffenses ...black women. B B B B B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerousstudies haveindicated... over-sentenced. B B B B
e. Argument;conclusion: Blackwomenhavereceived...longerperiodsin prison. B B B B B B B B B
ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
elements lurking inthe shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
vulnerablecomputer is found, thesecriminalsinstall softwarethatassiststhemin committingidentity
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
theftand fencingstolen IDs. Theyalsodefraudonlineadvertisersby using thesezombiecomputersto
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
visit pay-per-click ads.
B B B
a. Argument;conclusion:There arecriminalelements...todetectunprotected B B B B B B B B B
PCs. B
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerablecomputer ...fencingstolen IDs. B B B B B B B B
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: Theyalso defraud ...to visit pay-per-clickads. B B B B B B B
e. Argument;conclusion: It's even more important ... protected bya firewall. B B B B B B B B B
ANS: E PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
made throughtheatmosphere,and thephenomenaofthe upperatmosphereandthemagnetospherereflect
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
planetologists.
B
Hannu Karttunen,et al., Fundamental Astronomy B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion:Thephenomena ... state of interplanetaryspace. B B B B B B B B
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. B B B B B B B B
c. Argument; conclusion: Theearth is of interest to astronomy. B B B B B B B B
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;conclusion: Nearlyall observations ... through the atmosphere. B B B B B B B
ANS: C PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
2
, communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
medicinescan bepersuadedthattigerpartsarenotneeded,thentigerpoachingwillbe halted, habitat and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Blife sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
averted.
B
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger productsis banned. B B B B B B B B
c. Argument; conclusion:Tiger poachingwill be halted. B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion:Themakers oftraditional medicines ... not needed.
B B B B B B B B B
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
B B B B B B B B B B
ANS: A PTS: 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron.
B B B B B B B B B B B
How we feel,learn,remember,and thinkallstemfrom neuronalactivity.So, howa neuron worksand
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
how neurons communicate are crucial pieces of information in solvingthe puzzle of human
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
behavior and mental processing.
B B B B
RichardGriggs, Psychology: AConcise Introduction B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: Tounderstand our behavior ...the neuron. B B B B B B B B
b. Argument;conclusion: Humansarebiological organisms. B B B B
c. Argument; conclusion: Howwe feel ... neuronal activity. B B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Howa neuron works ... mental processing. B B B B B B B B
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D PTS: 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
in a container ona shelffor years,but theyretainthe capacityto invade cellsand cause disease.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid anda few proteins.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion:Viruses areacellular entities ...microscope.
B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
B B B B B B B B B B
e. Argument; conclusion: Virusesreplicate themselves ...invaded livingcells.
B B B B B B
ANS: B PTS: 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
problem.Technological advanceshavebroughtthecostof electricitygeneratedby thewinddown by 82
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
havebeen developedto convertevengreateramountsof sunlightdirectlyintoelectricity. Today the costs
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Sierra Club, "Global WarmingSolutions" B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: Todaythe costs of wind ... dirtycoal-fired plants.
B B B B B B B B B
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ...by82 percent since 1981.
B B B B B B B B B
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessingthe clean...the global warmingproblem.
B B B B B B B
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energytechnology... directlyintoelectricity.
B B B B
3
TESTBANK FOR A CONCISE
B gh gh B
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
g B B Bh B B B B Bh B g B B Bh B B B
B
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
B B B B B
,Chapter1TestA B
MULTIPLE CHOICE B
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments B B B B B B B B B
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
B B B B B B B B B
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
moreandrelaxingless,whilemenareworkinglessandrelaxingmore.Fortyyears ago a typical
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: Today... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. B B B B B B B B B
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;conclusion: Forty years ago ... anactivityconsidered unpleasant.
B B B B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... betweenmen and women. B B B B B B B B B B
e. Argument; conclusion: Women todayare workingmore andrelaxingless. B B B B B B B B
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
information.
B
Anne Marie Helmstine,"Your Guide to Chemistry" B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes withthe proteins ...and spermproduction.
B B B B B B B B
b. Argument; conclusion: Leadistoxic. B B B B
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;conclusion: It preferentiallyreplacesothermetalsinbiochemical reactions.
B B B B B B B B
e. Argument;conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium... recallinformation. B B B B B B B
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotlefocusedonclarifying theconcept of virtueitself.He arguedthat it wasvirtuoustochoosethe
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
the situation.
B B
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacitytojudge wisely. B B B B B B B B B
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focusedonclarifyingtheconcept of virtueB B B B B B B
itself. B
c. Argument;conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
B B B B B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Heargued that it was virtuous... were vices B B B B B B B B B B
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrantspaylocal salestaxes,and manyof themalso paystate,local,and federalincometax and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
1
, of their employers and theamount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
illegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
B B B B B B B B B B B
a. Argument;conclusion: It isnotcorrectto say ...communitiesin whichthey B B B B B B B B B B B B
live. B
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ...these employers pay. B B B B B B B B B B
c. Argument;conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay... Social Securitytax. B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Theyalso purchase items ... payin taxes. B B B B B B B B B
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are
B B B B B B B B B B B B
over- arrested, over-indicted, andover-sentenced. African-American womenare seven timesmore
B B B B B B B B B B B
likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
offenses than black women.
B B B B
NancyKurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." B B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women... other ethnic groups. B B B B B B
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drugoffenses ...black women. B B B B B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerousstudies haveindicated... over-sentenced. B B B B
e. Argument;conclusion: Blackwomenhavereceived...longerperiodsin prison. B B B B B B B B B
ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
elements lurking inthe shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
vulnerablecomputer is found, thesecriminalsinstall softwarethatassiststhemin committingidentity
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
theftand fencingstolen IDs. Theyalsodefraudonlineadvertisersby using thesezombiecomputersto
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
visit pay-per-click ads.
B B B
a. Argument;conclusion:There arecriminalelements...todetectunprotected B B B B B B B B B
PCs. B
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerablecomputer ...fencingstolen IDs. B B B B B B B B
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: Theyalso defraud ...to visit pay-per-clickads. B B B B B B B
e. Argument;conclusion: It's even more important ... protected bya firewall. B B B B B B B B B
ANS: E PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
made throughtheatmosphere,and thephenomenaofthe upperatmosphereandthemagnetospherereflect
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
planetologists.
B
Hannu Karttunen,et al., Fundamental Astronomy B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion:Thephenomena ... state of interplanetaryspace. B B B B B B B B
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. B B B B B B B B
c. Argument; conclusion: Theearth is of interest to astronomy. B B B B B B B B
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;conclusion: Nearlyall observations ... through the atmosphere. B B B B B B B
ANS: C PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
2
, communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
medicinescan bepersuadedthattigerpartsarenotneeded,thentigerpoachingwillbe halted, habitat and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Blife sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
averted.
B
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger productsis banned. B B B B B B B B
c. Argument; conclusion:Tiger poachingwill be halted. B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion:Themakers oftraditional medicines ... not needed.
B B B B B B B B B
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
B B B B B B B B B B
ANS: A PTS: 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron.
B B B B B B B B B B B
How we feel,learn,remember,and thinkallstemfrom neuronalactivity.So, howa neuron worksand
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
how neurons communicate are crucial pieces of information in solvingthe puzzle of human
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
behavior and mental processing.
B B B B
RichardGriggs, Psychology: AConcise Introduction B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: Tounderstand our behavior ...the neuron. B B B B B B B B
b. Argument;conclusion: Humansarebiological organisms. B B B B
c. Argument; conclusion: Howwe feel ... neuronal activity. B B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Howa neuron works ... mental processing. B B B B B B B B
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D PTS: 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
in a container ona shelffor years,but theyretainthe capacityto invade cellsand cause disease.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations B B B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid anda few proteins.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion:Viruses areacellular entities ...microscope.
B B B B B B
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
B B B B B B B B B B
e. Argument; conclusion: Virusesreplicate themselves ...invaded livingcells.
B B B B B B
ANS: B PTS: 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
problem.Technological advanceshavebroughtthecostof electricitygeneratedby thewinddown by 82
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
havebeen developedto convertevengreateramountsof sunlightdirectlyintoelectricity. Today the costs
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B
Sierra Club, "Global WarmingSolutions" B B B B
a. Argument; conclusion: Todaythe costs of wind ... dirtycoal-fired plants.
B B B B B B B B B
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ...by82 percent since 1981.
B B B B B B B B B
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessingthe clean...the global warmingproblem.
B B B B B B B
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energytechnology... directlyintoelectricity.
B B B B
3
