AQA GCSE Combined Science Physics
- Paper 2
What is the tendency for objects to continue at the same speed in the same direction
called? - ANSWER -Inertia
Newton's First Law - Law of Inertia - ANSWER -If the resultant force on a stationary
object is zero, the object will remain stationary
If the resultant force on a moving object is zero, it will just carry on moving at the
same velocity
Newton's Second Law - ANSWER -Force ∝ Acceleration
Acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object
Equation for resultant force - ANSWER -Resultant Force (N) = mass (Kg) x
acceleration (M/s^2)
F=ma
Newtons third Law - ANSWER -When two objects interact, the forces they exert on
each other are equal and opposite
An action always has an equal and opposite reaction
when two objects are touching for the force to act, its a .... - ANSWER -contact force
examples of contact forces - ANSWER -friction, air resistance, tension in ropes. etc
If the objects do not need to be touching for the force to act, the force is a ...... -
ANSWER -non contact force
examples of non contact forces - ANSWER -magnetic force and gravitational force
Two effects of gravity - ANSWER -- makes all things fall towards the ground
- gives everything a weight
What is mass? - ANSWER -The amount of material an object is made of
It is the same value everywhere
Measured using a mass balance
What is weight? - ANSWER -The force acting on an object due to gravity
It depends on the strength of the gravitational field at the location of the object
Measured using a calibrated spring balance - newtonmeter
Equation for Weight - ANSWER -Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field
Strength (N/kg)
W=mg
What is weight directly proportional to? - ANSWER -mass
, What are free body diagrams? - ANSWER -Diagrams that show all the forces acting
on an object
What is the resultant force? - ANSWER -The single force that replaces multiple
forces acting at a single point
How is work done? - ANSWER -When a force moves an object through a distance,
energy is transferred and work is done on the object
Equation for 'Work Done' - ANSWER -Work done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
W=Fs
What is 1J equal to? - ANSWER -1Nm
If all the forces acting on an object combine to give a resultant force of zero then the
object is in ? - ANSWER -equilibrium
What could happen when you apply a force to an object? - ANSWER -It may stretch,
compress or bend
What happens when an object is elastically deformed - ANSWER -The object can go
back to its original shape and length after the force has been removed
What happens when an object is inelastically deformed? - ANSWER -The object
won't return to its original shape and length after the force has been removed
Equation for Force 1 - ANSWER -Force (N) = Spring Constant (N/m) x Extension (m)
F=ke
Extension is directly proportional to? (Hooke's Law) - ANSWER -The force applied
F∝e
What is the limit of proportionality? - ANSWER -The point at which extension is no
longer directly proportional to force
Practical: Investigating the link between force and extension - ANSWER -- First,
measure the original length of the spring using a milimetre ruler
- Next, add different masses on the spring and measure the length of the spring in
each case.
- The extension = change in length
- Repeat this process until you have enough measurements ( no fewer than 6)
- Plot a graph with extension of the spring on the x axis and force on the y axis.
- The graph will only start to curve if you exceed the limit of proportionality
Equation for Elastic potential energy - ANSWER -Elastic potential energy (J) = 1/2 x
Spring Constant (N/m) x extension^2 (m)
Ee = 1/2Ke^2
- Paper 2
What is the tendency for objects to continue at the same speed in the same direction
called? - ANSWER -Inertia
Newton's First Law - Law of Inertia - ANSWER -If the resultant force on a stationary
object is zero, the object will remain stationary
If the resultant force on a moving object is zero, it will just carry on moving at the
same velocity
Newton's Second Law - ANSWER -Force ∝ Acceleration
Acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object
Equation for resultant force - ANSWER -Resultant Force (N) = mass (Kg) x
acceleration (M/s^2)
F=ma
Newtons third Law - ANSWER -When two objects interact, the forces they exert on
each other are equal and opposite
An action always has an equal and opposite reaction
when two objects are touching for the force to act, its a .... - ANSWER -contact force
examples of contact forces - ANSWER -friction, air resistance, tension in ropes. etc
If the objects do not need to be touching for the force to act, the force is a ...... -
ANSWER -non contact force
examples of non contact forces - ANSWER -magnetic force and gravitational force
Two effects of gravity - ANSWER -- makes all things fall towards the ground
- gives everything a weight
What is mass? - ANSWER -The amount of material an object is made of
It is the same value everywhere
Measured using a mass balance
What is weight? - ANSWER -The force acting on an object due to gravity
It depends on the strength of the gravitational field at the location of the object
Measured using a calibrated spring balance - newtonmeter
Equation for Weight - ANSWER -Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field
Strength (N/kg)
W=mg
What is weight directly proportional to? - ANSWER -mass
, What are free body diagrams? - ANSWER -Diagrams that show all the forces acting
on an object
What is the resultant force? - ANSWER -The single force that replaces multiple
forces acting at a single point
How is work done? - ANSWER -When a force moves an object through a distance,
energy is transferred and work is done on the object
Equation for 'Work Done' - ANSWER -Work done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
W=Fs
What is 1J equal to? - ANSWER -1Nm
If all the forces acting on an object combine to give a resultant force of zero then the
object is in ? - ANSWER -equilibrium
What could happen when you apply a force to an object? - ANSWER -It may stretch,
compress or bend
What happens when an object is elastically deformed - ANSWER -The object can go
back to its original shape and length after the force has been removed
What happens when an object is inelastically deformed? - ANSWER -The object
won't return to its original shape and length after the force has been removed
Equation for Force 1 - ANSWER -Force (N) = Spring Constant (N/m) x Extension (m)
F=ke
Extension is directly proportional to? (Hooke's Law) - ANSWER -The force applied
F∝e
What is the limit of proportionality? - ANSWER -The point at which extension is no
longer directly proportional to force
Practical: Investigating the link between force and extension - ANSWER -- First,
measure the original length of the spring using a milimetre ruler
- Next, add different masses on the spring and measure the length of the spring in
each case.
- The extension = change in length
- Repeat this process until you have enough measurements ( no fewer than 6)
- Plot a graph with extension of the spring on the x axis and force on the y axis.
- The graph will only start to curve if you exceed the limit of proportionality
Equation for Elastic potential energy - ANSWER -Elastic potential energy (J) = 1/2 x
Spring Constant (N/m) x extension^2 (m)
Ee = 1/2Ke^2
