Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam
Questions with Verified Answers
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. -
ANSWERSGanglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - ANSWERSParasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - ANSWERSMotor (Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. -
ANSWERSAxon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - ANSWERSCentral nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - ANSWERSThe neuron cell
body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end
of axon terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: - ANSWERSFrom the peripheral to the central
nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - ANSWERSAstrocytes form the
blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during
surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why
not? - ANSWERSYes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through
axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the
diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. -
ANSWERSDepolarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon
during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - ANSWERS-70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? -
ANSWERSThe overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that
the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. -
, ANSWERSFalse. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number
of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? -
ANSWERSAch is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action
potential in the muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - ANSWERSA signal travels from
the cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These
nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next
neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? -
ANSWERSDopamine
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway
towards the central nervous system. - ANSWERSSensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. -
ANSWERSThe integration center
What is true about the stretch reflex? - ANSWERSThe muscle spindle detects stretch
within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - ANSWERSIt involves excitatory
interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action
of the reflex. - ANSWERSStretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to
contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur. - ANSWERSAcetylcholine triggers
the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in
turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be
released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain. - ANSWERSPia Mater
Questions with Verified Answers
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. -
ANSWERSGanglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - ANSWERSParasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - ANSWERSMotor (Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. -
ANSWERSAxon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - ANSWERSCentral nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - ANSWERSThe neuron cell
body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end
of axon terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: - ANSWERSFrom the peripheral to the central
nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - ANSWERSAstrocytes form the
blood/brain barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during
surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why
not? - ANSWERSYes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through
axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the
diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. -
ANSWERSDepolarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon
during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - ANSWERS-70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? -
ANSWERSThe overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that
the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. -
, ANSWERSFalse. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number
of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? -
ANSWERSAch is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action
potential in the muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - ANSWERSA signal travels from
the cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These
nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next
neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? -
ANSWERSDopamine
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway
towards the central nervous system. - ANSWERSSensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. -
ANSWERSThe integration center
What is true about the stretch reflex? - ANSWERSThe muscle spindle detects stretch
within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - ANSWERSIt involves excitatory
interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action
of the reflex. - ANSWERSStretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to
contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur. - ANSWERSAcetylcholine triggers
the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in
turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be
released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain. - ANSWERSPia Mater
