Question and answers 100% correct
2025
Management - correct answer the process of planning, organizing, directing,
and controlling the activities of employees in combination with other resources
to accomplish organizational objectives.
Managerial Responsibilities - correct answer Long-range planning. Managers
occupying executive positions are frequently involved in strategic planning
and development.
Controlling. Managers evaluate and take corrective action concerning the
allocation and use of human, financial, and material resources.
Environmental scanning. Managers must continually watch for changes in the
business environment and monitor business indicators such as returns on
equity or investment, economic indicators, business cycles, and so forth.
Supervision. Managers continually oversee the work of their subordinates.
Coordinating. Managers often must coordinate the work of others both inside
the work unit and out.
Customer relations and marketing. Certain managers are involved in direct
contact with customers and potential customers.
Community relations. Contact must be maintained and nurtured with
representatives from various constituencies outside the company, including
state and federal agencies, local civic groups, and suppliers.
,Internal consulting. Some managers make use of their technical expertise to
solve internal problems, acting as inside consultants for organizational change
and development.
Monitoring products and services. Managers get involved in planning,
scheduling, and monitoring the design, development, production, and delivery
of the organization's products and services.
Basic incongruity thesis - correct answer Consists of three parts: what
individuals want from organizations, what organizations want from individuals,
and how these two potentially conflicting sets of desires are harmonized.
Cognitive complexity - correct answer Represents a person's capacity to
acquire and sort through various pieces of information from the environment
and organize them in such a way that they make sense.
Instrumental values - correct answer Represent those values concerning the
way we approach end-states and whether individuals believe in ambition,
cleanliness, honesty, or obedience.
Personality - correct answer A stable set of characteristics and tendencies
that determine those communalities and differences in the psychological
behavior (thoughts, feelings, and actions) of people that have continuity in
time and that may not be easily understood as the sole result of the social and
biological pressures of the moment.
Attribution biases - correct answer Covers both the fundamental attribution
error and the self-serving bias.
Attribution theory - correct answer Concerns the process by which an
individual interprets events as being caused by a particular part of a relatively
stable environment.
, Cognitive consistency - correct answer The need for behavioral justification to
ensure that a person's behaviors are consistent with their attitudes toward an
event.
Cognitive dissonance - correct answer Finding one's self acting in a fashion
that is inconsistent with their attitudes and experiencing tension and
attempting to reduce this tension and return to a state of cognitive
consistency.
Dispositional approach - correct answer Argues that attitudes represent
relatively stable predispositions to respond to people or situations around
them.
Fundamental attribution error - correct answer The tendency to underestimate
the effects of external or situational causes of behavior and to overestimate
the effects of internal or personal causes.
Perception - correct answer The process by which one screens, selects,
organizes, and interprets stimuli to give them meaning.
Perceptual defense - correct answer A defense that perceives emotionally
disturbing or threatening stimuli as having a higher recognition threshold than
neutral stimuli. Such stimuli are likely to elicit substitute perceptions that are
radically altered so as to prevent recognition of the presented stimuli that
arouse emotional reactions even though the stimuli are not recognized.
Perceptual organization - correct answer When meaning has been attached to
an object, individuals are in a position to determine an appropriate response
or reaction to it.