TEST BANK A Concise Introduction to Logic 14th E
g g g g g g g g
dition by Hurley
g g
Chapter 1 to 14 g g g
TESTBANK g
,TABLEgOFgCONTENTS
Partg I:gINFORMALgLOGIC.
1. gBasicgConcepts.
Arguments,g Premises,g andg Conclusions.g Exercise.g Recognizingg Arguments.g Exercise.g Deductiong andg Induction.g Exercise.g Validity
ruth,gSoundness,gStrength,gCogency.gExercise.gArgumentgForms:gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gExtendedgArguments.gExercise.
2. g Language:g Meaningg andg Definition.
Varietiesg ofg Meaning.g Exercise.g Theg Intensiong andg Extensiong ofg Terms.g Exercise.g Definitionsg andg Theirg Purposes.g Exercise
efinitionalgTechniques.gExercise.gCriteriagforgLexicalgDefinitions.gExercise.
3. gInformalgFallacies.
FallaciesgingGeneral.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgRelevance.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgWeakgInduction.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgPresumption,
mbiguity,gandgIllicitgTransference.gExercise.gFallaciesgingOrdinarygLanguage.gExercise.
PartgII:gFORMALgLOGIC.
4. gCategoricalgPropositions.
ThegComponentsgofgCategoricalgPropositions.gExercise.gQuality,gQuantity,gandgDistribution.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegM
derngSquaregofgOpposition.gExercise.gConversion,gObversion,gandgContraposition.gExercise.gThegTraditionalgSquaregofgOp
sition.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegTraditionalgStandpoint.gExercise.gTranslatinggOrdinarygLanguagegStatementsgintogCate
oricalgForm.gExercise.
5. gCategoricalgSyllogisms.
StandardgForm,gMood,gandgFigure.gExercise.gVenngDiagrams.gExercise.gRulesgandgFallacies.gExercise.gReducinggthegNumbergo
erms.gExercise.gOrdinarygLanguagegArguments.gExercise.gEnthymemes.gExercise.gSorites.gExercise.
6. gPropositionalgLogic.
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gTruthgFunctions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgPropositions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgArguments.g
ercise.gIndirectgTruthgTables.gExercise.gArgumentgFormsgandgFallacies.gExercise.
7. gNaturalgDeductiongingPropositionalg Logic.
Rulesg ofg Implicationg I.g Exercise.g Rulesg ofg Implicationg II.g Exercise.g Rulesg ofg Replacementg I.g Exercise.g Rulesg ofg Replacementg II
xercise.gConditionalgProof.gExercise.gIndirectgProof.gExercise.gProvinggLogicalgTruths.gExercise.
8. g Predicateg Logic.
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gUsinggthegRulesgofgInference.gExercise.gQuantifiergNegationgRule.gExercise.gConditionalgand
directgProof.gExercise.gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gRelationalgPredicatesgandgOverlappinggQuantifiers.gExercise.gIdentity.g
ercise.
PartgIII:gINDUCTIVEgLOGIC.
9. gAnalogygandgLegalgandgMoralgReasoning.
Analogicalg Reasoning.g Legalg Reasoning.g Moralg Reasoning.g Exercise.
10. gCausalitygandgMill'sgMethods.
,"Cause"g andg Necessaryg andg Sufficientg Conditions.g Mill'sg Fiveg Methods.g Mill'sg Methodsg andg Science.g Exercise.
11. gProbability.
TheoriesgofgProbability.gThegProbabilitygCalculus.gExercise.
12. g Statisticalg Reasoning.
Evaluatingg Statistics.g Samples.g Theg Meaningg ofg "Average."g Dispersion.g Graphsg andg Pictograms.g Percentages.g Exercise.
13. gHypothetical/ScientificgReasoning.
Theg Hypotheticalg Method.g Hypotheticalg Reasoning:g Fourg Examplesg fromg Science.g Theg Proofg ofg Hypotheses.g Theg Tentative
cceptancegofgHypotheses.gExercise.
14. g Scienceg andg Superstition.
DistinguishinggBetweengSciencegandgSuperstition.gEvidentiarygSupport.gObjectivity.gIntegrity.gAbusinggScience.gExercise.g A
nswersgtogSelectedgExercises.
, Chapterg1gTestgA
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:gThegfollowinggselectionsgrelategtogdistinguishinggargumentsgfromgnonargumentsg a
ndgidentifyinggconclusions.gSelectgthegbestganswergforgeach.
1. Theregappearsgtogbegaggrowingghappinessggapgbetweengmengandgwomen.gWomengtodaygare
gworking
moregandgrelaxinggless,gwhilegmengaregworkingglessgandgrelaxinggmore.gFortygyearsgagogagtypica
l
womangspentg40gminutesgmoregpergweekgthangthegtypicalgmangperforminggangactivitygconsidere
d
cu.n plAeragsuamnte.gnTto;gdcoanyc,luwsitohn:mFeonrtwyoyrekianrgs glaegsso,gt.h..eagnaapctisvi9ty0gcmoinsuidtgesreadndggrowing.guan
.gp l eAar gs au nmt e. gnt;gconclusion:gTodayg...gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
bd . A Nrognuamrgeunm
t;gecnotn. clu sion: gTheregappearsgtogbeg...gbetweengmengandgwomen.
e.g AANr gSu: m De n t ; gconclusion:gWomengtodaygaregworkinggmoregandgrelaxing
less. PTS: 2
2. Leadgisgtoxic,gbutgdogyougknowgwhy?gLeadgisgtoxicgmainlygbecausegitgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergm
etalsgingbiochemicalgreactions.gIngsogdoinggitginterferesgwithgthegproteinsgthatgregulategbloodgpressu
re
(whichgcangcausegdevelopmentgdelaysgingchildrengandghighgbloodgpressuregingadults),ghemeg
production
(whichgcangleadgtoganemia),gandgspermgproduction.gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumgingthegreactionsgt
ah.atgArgument;gconclusion:gItginterferesgwithgthegproteinsg...gandgspermgproduction.
tbr.ansAmrgit ueml gecntr;igcaolnicmlupsuiolsne: gsLeinatdheis btoraxinc., g whichg diminishesg theg abilityg tog thinkg andg recallg information.
a. Nonargument. AnnegMariegHelmstine,g"YourgGuidegtogChemistry"
b. Argument;gconclusion:gItgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmetalsgingbiochemicalgr
eactions.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumg...grecallginformation.
ANS:g C PTS: 2
3. Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptgofgvirtuegitself.gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousgtogc
hoosegthe
propergamountgofgemotiongand/orgactiongcalledgforgingagparticulargsituationgandgthatgextremesgofgemo
tiongandgactiongweregvices.gIngallgcommunitiesgtheregaregsomegmengofgpracticalgwisdomgwhoghave
thegcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.gAristotlegarguedgthDa ta vthideyChoaovperth,geVaclaupe aPcliutryatl iosmfoallnodwEthheica" rl igChhtoice grau.le"Arg
ent;gconclusion:gIngallgcommunitiesg...gcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.gbw.ha Atervgeurmt ehent;sictuoan tcilounsi. on: g Aristotlegfo
edgongclarifyinggthegconceptg ofg virtue
itself.
a. Argument;gconclusion:g Theyghaveg theg capacitygtogfollowg ...gthegsituation.
b. Argument;gconclusion:g Hegarguedgthatgitgwasg virtuousg...gwereg vices
c. Nonargument.
ANS:g E PTS: 2
4. Illegalgimmigrantsgpayglocalgsalesgtaxes,gandgmanygofgthemgalsogpaygstate,glocal,gandgfederalg
incomegtax
andgSocialgSecuritygtax.gTheygalsogpurchasegitemsgfromglocalgmerchants,gincreasinggthegamountg the
se
merchantsgpaygingtaxes.gIngaddition,gtheygworkgforglowgsalaries,gwhichgincreasesgthegearningsgofgtah.eirArgum
nt;gconclusion:gItgisgnotgcorrectgtogsayg...gcommunitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
employersgandgthegamountgofgtaxesgthesegemployersgpay.gThus,gitgisgnotgcorrectgtogsaygthatgillegal
immigrantsgcontributeg nothinggtogtheg communitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
1
g g g g g g g g
dition by Hurley
g g
Chapter 1 to 14 g g g
TESTBANK g
,TABLEgOFgCONTENTS
Partg I:gINFORMALgLOGIC.
1. gBasicgConcepts.
Arguments,g Premises,g andg Conclusions.g Exercise.g Recognizingg Arguments.g Exercise.g Deductiong andg Induction.g Exercise.g Validity
ruth,gSoundness,gStrength,gCogency.gExercise.gArgumentgForms:gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gExtendedgArguments.gExercise.
2. g Language:g Meaningg andg Definition.
Varietiesg ofg Meaning.g Exercise.g Theg Intensiong andg Extensiong ofg Terms.g Exercise.g Definitionsg andg Theirg Purposes.g Exercise
efinitionalgTechniques.gExercise.gCriteriagforgLexicalgDefinitions.gExercise.
3. gInformalgFallacies.
FallaciesgingGeneral.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgRelevance.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgWeakgInduction.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgPresumption,
mbiguity,gandgIllicitgTransference.gExercise.gFallaciesgingOrdinarygLanguage.gExercise.
PartgII:gFORMALgLOGIC.
4. gCategoricalgPropositions.
ThegComponentsgofgCategoricalgPropositions.gExercise.gQuality,gQuantity,gandgDistribution.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegM
derngSquaregofgOpposition.gExercise.gConversion,gObversion,gandgContraposition.gExercise.gThegTraditionalgSquaregofgOp
sition.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegTraditionalgStandpoint.gExercise.gTranslatinggOrdinarygLanguagegStatementsgintogCate
oricalgForm.gExercise.
5. gCategoricalgSyllogisms.
StandardgForm,gMood,gandgFigure.gExercise.gVenngDiagrams.gExercise.gRulesgandgFallacies.gExercise.gReducinggthegNumbergo
erms.gExercise.gOrdinarygLanguagegArguments.gExercise.gEnthymemes.gExercise.gSorites.gExercise.
6. gPropositionalgLogic.
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gTruthgFunctions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgPropositions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgArguments.g
ercise.gIndirectgTruthgTables.gExercise.gArgumentgFormsgandgFallacies.gExercise.
7. gNaturalgDeductiongingPropositionalg Logic.
Rulesg ofg Implicationg I.g Exercise.g Rulesg ofg Implicationg II.g Exercise.g Rulesg ofg Replacementg I.g Exercise.g Rulesg ofg Replacementg II
xercise.gConditionalgProof.gExercise.gIndirectgProof.gExercise.gProvinggLogicalgTruths.gExercise.
8. g Predicateg Logic.
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gUsinggthegRulesgofgInference.gExercise.gQuantifiergNegationgRule.gExercise.gConditionalgand
directgProof.gExercise.gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gRelationalgPredicatesgandgOverlappinggQuantifiers.gExercise.gIdentity.g
ercise.
PartgIII:gINDUCTIVEgLOGIC.
9. gAnalogygandgLegalgandgMoralgReasoning.
Analogicalg Reasoning.g Legalg Reasoning.g Moralg Reasoning.g Exercise.
10. gCausalitygandgMill'sgMethods.
,"Cause"g andg Necessaryg andg Sufficientg Conditions.g Mill'sg Fiveg Methods.g Mill'sg Methodsg andg Science.g Exercise.
11. gProbability.
TheoriesgofgProbability.gThegProbabilitygCalculus.gExercise.
12. g Statisticalg Reasoning.
Evaluatingg Statistics.g Samples.g Theg Meaningg ofg "Average."g Dispersion.g Graphsg andg Pictograms.g Percentages.g Exercise.
13. gHypothetical/ScientificgReasoning.
Theg Hypotheticalg Method.g Hypotheticalg Reasoning:g Fourg Examplesg fromg Science.g Theg Proofg ofg Hypotheses.g Theg Tentative
cceptancegofgHypotheses.gExercise.
14. g Scienceg andg Superstition.
DistinguishinggBetweengSciencegandgSuperstition.gEvidentiarygSupport.gObjectivity.gIntegrity.gAbusinggScience.gExercise.g A
nswersgtogSelectedgExercises.
, Chapterg1gTestgA
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:gThegfollowinggselectionsgrelategtogdistinguishinggargumentsgfromgnonargumentsg a
ndgidentifyinggconclusions.gSelectgthegbestganswergforgeach.
1. Theregappearsgtogbegaggrowingghappinessggapgbetweengmengandgwomen.gWomengtodaygare
gworking
moregandgrelaxinggless,gwhilegmengaregworkingglessgandgrelaxinggmore.gFortygyearsgagogagtypica
l
womangspentg40gminutesgmoregpergweekgthangthegtypicalgmangperforminggangactivitygconsidere
d
cu.n plAeragsuamnte.gnTto;gdcoanyc,luwsitohn:mFeonrtwyoyrekianrgs glaegsso,gt.h..eagnaapctisvi9ty0gcmoinsuidtgesreadndggrowing.guan
.gp l eAar gs au nmt e. gnt;gconclusion:gTodayg...gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
bd . A Nrognuamrgeunm
t;gecnotn. clu sion: gTheregappearsgtogbeg...gbetweengmengandgwomen.
e.g AANr gSu: m De n t ; gconclusion:gWomengtodaygaregworkinggmoregandgrelaxing
less. PTS: 2
2. Leadgisgtoxic,gbutgdogyougknowgwhy?gLeadgisgtoxicgmainlygbecausegitgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergm
etalsgingbiochemicalgreactions.gIngsogdoinggitginterferesgwithgthegproteinsgthatgregulategbloodgpressu
re
(whichgcangcausegdevelopmentgdelaysgingchildrengandghighgbloodgpressuregingadults),ghemeg
production
(whichgcangleadgtoganemia),gandgspermgproduction.gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumgingthegreactionsgt
ah.atgArgument;gconclusion:gItginterferesgwithgthegproteinsg...gandgspermgproduction.
tbr.ansAmrgit ueml gecntr;igcaolnicmlupsuiolsne: gsLeinatdheis btoraxinc., g whichg diminishesg theg abilityg tog thinkg andg recallg information.
a. Nonargument. AnnegMariegHelmstine,g"YourgGuidegtogChemistry"
b. Argument;gconclusion:gItgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmetalsgingbiochemicalgr
eactions.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumg...grecallginformation.
ANS:g C PTS: 2
3. Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptgofgvirtuegitself.gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousgtogc
hoosegthe
propergamountgofgemotiongand/orgactiongcalledgforgingagparticulargsituationgandgthatgextremesgofgemo
tiongandgactiongweregvices.gIngallgcommunitiesgtheregaregsomegmengofgpracticalgwisdomgwhoghave
thegcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.gAristotlegarguedgthDa ta vthideyChoaovperth,geVaclaupe aPcliutryatl iosmfoallnodwEthheica" rl igChhtoice grau.le"Arg
ent;gconclusion:gIngallgcommunitiesg...gcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.gbw.ha Atervgeurmt ehent;sictuoan tcilounsi. on: g Aristotlegfo
edgongclarifyinggthegconceptg ofg virtue
itself.
a. Argument;gconclusion:g Theyghaveg theg capacitygtogfollowg ...gthegsituation.
b. Argument;gconclusion:g Hegarguedgthatgitgwasg virtuousg...gwereg vices
c. Nonargument.
ANS:g E PTS: 2
4. Illegalgimmigrantsgpayglocalgsalesgtaxes,gandgmanygofgthemgalsogpaygstate,glocal,gandgfederalg
incomegtax
andgSocialgSecuritygtax.gTheygalsogpurchasegitemsgfromglocalgmerchants,gincreasinggthegamountg the
se
merchantsgpaygingtaxes.gIngaddition,gtheygworkgforglowgsalaries,gwhichgincreasesgthegearningsgofgtah.eirArgum
nt;gconclusion:gItgisgnotgcorrectgtogsayg...gcommunitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
employersgandgthegamountgofgtaxesgthesegemployersgpay.gThus,gitgisgnotgcorrectgtogsaygthatgillegal
immigrantsgcontributeg nothinggtogtheg communitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
1
