ACS EXAM review questions with
correct solutions
Qs
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment - n
Ans✔
proposed that atoms consist of a tiny, massive, positive nucleus surrounded
by electrons
Qs
nucleus - n
Ans✔
contains all the positive charge and nearly all the mass of the atom
Qs
James Chadwick - n
Ans✔
discovered the neutron
Qs
cathode rays - n
Ans✔
move from negative electrode to positive electrode (like electrons in a voltaic
cell)
Qs
Thompson's Cathode Ray Experiment - n
Ans✔
discovery of the electron (also the discovery that atoms are divisible into
smaller particles)
,Qs
Millikin's oil drop experiment - n
Ans✔
determined the charge of the electron through highest grade clock oil and
electrons from X-ray that clung to positive charged oil drops- determined
that electrons are some whole value of charge (Faraday constant)
Qs
Thompson's plum pudding model - n
Ans✔
model of a spherical atom composed of diffuse positively charged matter in
which electrons are embedded like raisins in plum pudding
Qs
atomic number - n
Ans✔
number of protons (Z)
Qs
mass number - n
Ans✔
number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) (A)
Qs
isotopes - n
Ans✔
same element with different numbers of neutrons
Qs
mass spectrometry - n
,Ans✔
a method for measuring the relative masses and abundances of atomic scale
particles very precisely
Qs
empirical formula - n
Ans✔
shows relative number of atoms in a compound
Qs
molecular formula - n
Ans✔
shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of
compound
Qs
aufbau principle - n
Ans✔
the rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first
Qs
quantum mechanics - n
Ans✔
mechanics applied to the atomic and nuclear level and dealing with photons
and other quanta that show both wave and particle behavior
Qs
Heisenburg's uncertainty principle - n
Ans✔
, the statement that, due to the laws of quantum mechanics, it is impossible
to simultaneously exactly measure a particle's position and momentum or to
exactly measure a particle's energy for a finite amount of time.
Qs
electron energy - n
Ans✔
The strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an atom; the
closer and electron to the nucleus, the higher the electron binding energy.
Qs
quantum numbers - n
Ans✔
the four numbers that define each particular electron of an atom. The
Principle Quantum Number (n) describes the electrons' energy and distance
from the nucleus. The Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) describes the
shape of the orbital in which the electron resides. The Magnetic Quantum
Number (m) describes the orientation of the orbital in space. The Spin
Quantum Number (s) describes whether the spin of the electron is positive or
negative.
Qs
photon - n
Ans✔
packet of energy
Qs
electromagnetic radiation - n
Ans✔
A form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as it travels through space;
can be described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed.
correct solutions
Qs
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment - n
Ans✔
proposed that atoms consist of a tiny, massive, positive nucleus surrounded
by electrons
Qs
nucleus - n
Ans✔
contains all the positive charge and nearly all the mass of the atom
Qs
James Chadwick - n
Ans✔
discovered the neutron
Qs
cathode rays - n
Ans✔
move from negative electrode to positive electrode (like electrons in a voltaic
cell)
Qs
Thompson's Cathode Ray Experiment - n
Ans✔
discovery of the electron (also the discovery that atoms are divisible into
smaller particles)
,Qs
Millikin's oil drop experiment - n
Ans✔
determined the charge of the electron through highest grade clock oil and
electrons from X-ray that clung to positive charged oil drops- determined
that electrons are some whole value of charge (Faraday constant)
Qs
Thompson's plum pudding model - n
Ans✔
model of a spherical atom composed of diffuse positively charged matter in
which electrons are embedded like raisins in plum pudding
Qs
atomic number - n
Ans✔
number of protons (Z)
Qs
mass number - n
Ans✔
number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) (A)
Qs
isotopes - n
Ans✔
same element with different numbers of neutrons
Qs
mass spectrometry - n
,Ans✔
a method for measuring the relative masses and abundances of atomic scale
particles very precisely
Qs
empirical formula - n
Ans✔
shows relative number of atoms in a compound
Qs
molecular formula - n
Ans✔
shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of
compound
Qs
aufbau principle - n
Ans✔
the rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first
Qs
quantum mechanics - n
Ans✔
mechanics applied to the atomic and nuclear level and dealing with photons
and other quanta that show both wave and particle behavior
Qs
Heisenburg's uncertainty principle - n
Ans✔
, the statement that, due to the laws of quantum mechanics, it is impossible
to simultaneously exactly measure a particle's position and momentum or to
exactly measure a particle's energy for a finite amount of time.
Qs
electron energy - n
Ans✔
The strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an atom; the
closer and electron to the nucleus, the higher the electron binding energy.
Qs
quantum numbers - n
Ans✔
the four numbers that define each particular electron of an atom. The
Principle Quantum Number (n) describes the electrons' energy and distance
from the nucleus. The Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) describes the
shape of the orbital in which the electron resides. The Magnetic Quantum
Number (m) describes the orientation of the orbital in space. The Spin
Quantum Number (s) describes whether the spin of the electron is positive or
negative.
Qs
photon - n
Ans✔
packet of energy
Qs
electromagnetic radiation - n
Ans✔
A form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as it travels through space;
can be described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed.
