Overview
- What is anxiety?
- What are anxiety disorders and OCD?
- Facts and figures
- DSM-5 disorders
- Course and etiology
Anxiety
- Fear has a function !
- Essential to survival
- Helps in avoidance of dangerous situations
Adaptive → problematic → pathological
- Intensity, duration and pervasiveness
- 4 Ds: Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance, Danger
Adaptive / nonclinical: most children have one or two fears appropriate to their age
Problematic: interference with daily life and development.
Anxiety disorders - shared characteristics
- Excessive fear and anxiety
- Related behavioral disturbances
Fear: emotional response to real / perceived imminent threat
Anxiety: anticipation of future threat
- Not attributable to physiological effects of:
- Medication / substance
- Medical condition
Anxiety disorders - differences
- Types of feared or avoided objects / situations
- Content of associated thoughts or believes
Anxiety disorders facts and figures
- Most prevalent
- Often early onset
- 2:1 female to male ratio
- Wax and wane over time
- High comorbidity
- High individual impairment
DSM-5: Anxiety Disorders
- Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., parents leaving)
, - Selective mutism
- Specific phobia
- Generalized anxiety disorders
- Social anxiety disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Agoraphobia
No longer considered anxiety disorders:
- OCD
- Acute stress disorder
- PTSD
Separation Anxiety disorder
→ typical childhood disorder
- Non age-appropriate and excessive anxiety (or anticipation) of going away from
home or leaving attachment figures
- Excessive worry that caregivers may be harmed
- Persistent refusal to go anywhere which may cause separation
- Frequent nightmares about separation
- Recurrent physical complaints when not in close proximity to attachment
figures
Selective Mutism
→ typical children disorder
- A child shows consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is
an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school), despite speaking in other situations
- The disturbance interferes with educational, occupational and social achievement
and interaction
- Duration: at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school)
- Not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, speaking
- The disturbance is not better explained by other disorders
- Often co-exist with social anxiety disorder
Specific phobia
→ Fear of specific object or situation
DSM-5:
- A marked, intense fear / anxiety of a specific object or situation that substantially
- What is anxiety?
- What are anxiety disorders and OCD?
- Facts and figures
- DSM-5 disorders
- Course and etiology
Anxiety
- Fear has a function !
- Essential to survival
- Helps in avoidance of dangerous situations
Adaptive → problematic → pathological
- Intensity, duration and pervasiveness
- 4 Ds: Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance, Danger
Adaptive / nonclinical: most children have one or two fears appropriate to their age
Problematic: interference with daily life and development.
Anxiety disorders - shared characteristics
- Excessive fear and anxiety
- Related behavioral disturbances
Fear: emotional response to real / perceived imminent threat
Anxiety: anticipation of future threat
- Not attributable to physiological effects of:
- Medication / substance
- Medical condition
Anxiety disorders - differences
- Types of feared or avoided objects / situations
- Content of associated thoughts or believes
Anxiety disorders facts and figures
- Most prevalent
- Often early onset
- 2:1 female to male ratio
- Wax and wane over time
- High comorbidity
- High individual impairment
DSM-5: Anxiety Disorders
- Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., parents leaving)
, - Selective mutism
- Specific phobia
- Generalized anxiety disorders
- Social anxiety disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Agoraphobia
No longer considered anxiety disorders:
- OCD
- Acute stress disorder
- PTSD
Separation Anxiety disorder
→ typical childhood disorder
- Non age-appropriate and excessive anxiety (or anticipation) of going away from
home or leaving attachment figures
- Excessive worry that caregivers may be harmed
- Persistent refusal to go anywhere which may cause separation
- Frequent nightmares about separation
- Recurrent physical complaints when not in close proximity to attachment
figures
Selective Mutism
→ typical children disorder
- A child shows consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is
an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school), despite speaking in other situations
- The disturbance interferes with educational, occupational and social achievement
and interaction
- Duration: at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school)
- Not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, speaking
- The disturbance is not better explained by other disorders
- Often co-exist with social anxiety disorder
Specific phobia
→ Fear of specific object or situation
DSM-5:
- A marked, intense fear / anxiety of a specific object or situation that substantially
